^p }3j*j?S?* ^^&i>' j=-'>> ^ :>3>^ V, 3> ; , - C ' >>> ~*^ > j^ r2^ J= v -. ,>-^>^Or>^:>\^> >>^^>^> *'%> 3>-'^ -,>:> ^ _ .33> Jfe >- ^S. i ^y o 3 . "3>v ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM VOLUMF XV. \NNALS OP THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM VOLUME XV. PRINTED FOR THE TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM BY ADLARD ."> J. VILLENEUVE. (1) Description of a New Species of Stomoxys (Diptera) from South Africa 453 (2) A New Species of Tachino-Oestrid from South Africa (Diptera) 465 (3) A Contribution to the Study of the South African Higher Myodarii (Diptera Calyptratae) based mostly on the Material in the South African Museum 469 INDEX OF NEW GENERIC NAMES INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME. PAGE Aroegas, u. g., Locustidae (Orthoptera), Pering 445 Asboleola, n. g., Tachinidac (Diptera), Villen . . 503 Bochus, n. g., Locustidac (Orthoptera), Pering 418 Chaetolydella, n. g., Tachinidae (Diptera), Villen -188 Cleonardopsis, n. g., Eusiridae (Ainphipoda), Barn 175 Exhippolysmata, n. g., Hippolytidae (Crustacea), Stebb. 94 Faku, n. g., Locustidae (Orthoptera), Pering ... 419 Haliporoides, n. g., Penaeidae (Crustacea). Stebb 20 Hoplocephalina, n. g., Tachinidae (Diptera), Villen. . ... 510 Isaeopsis, n. g., Jassidae (Amphipoda), Barn. -'-67 Libanasidus, n. g., Locustidae (Orthoptera), Pering. . . 424 Lydellina, n. g., Tachinidae (Diptera), Villen 490 Macropetasma., n. g., Penaeidae (Crustacea), Stebb. . Macropisthopus, n. g.. Ampithoidae (Amphipoda), Barn. . . .. 260 Myxarchiclops, n. g.. Taehinidae (Diptera), Villen 494 Ouossandridus. n. g., Locustidae (Orthoptera) Pering.. .. 421 Oxymedoria, n. g.. Tachinidae (Diptera), Villen ."<05 Pararondania. n. g., Tachniidae (Diptera), Villen. ... . 498 Paravalettia, n. g., Lysianassidae (Amphipoda), Barn. . Pemuophlias. n. g., Phliantidae (Amphipoda), Barn 158 Plagiocoaia, n. g., Tachinidae (Diptera), Villeu 443 Pleropeleteria, n. g., Tacbinidae (Diptera), Villen. .. .. 47U Plioplateia, n. g., Phliantidae (Amphipoda), Barn.. . 155 Prozenillia, u. g., Tachinidae (DipU-ra), Villen 487 Pyrrhosiella, n. g., Tachinidae (Dipteva), Villen 01 llondaniooestrus, n. g., Tachinidae (Diptera), Villen .... 4i>5 Spelaeiacris. n. g., Locustidae (Ortlioptera), Pering 42U Thelairosoma, u. g., Tachiuidae (Diptera), Villen 4'.!'.) Triodos, n. g.. Ampeliscidae (Amphipoda), Barn. . - . 140 Trixoclea, u. g., Tachinidae (Diptera). Villen. . . 497 I'mtata. n. g , Locustidae (Urthopteia), Pering. 444 Zitsikama, n. g., Locustidae (Orthoptera), Pering 440 DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PAETS. Part 1, December 10th. 1911. Part 2, September 4ih, 191-3. Part 5, June 24th, I'JlC. Part 4, October 12th. 191C>. Part 5, December 1st, 1916. Part K, December 8th, 1916. 3 7 ?. 2 7 LIST OF PLATES. PLATE I. Pomatocheles balssi, n. sp. II. Calocaris barnardi, n. sp. III. Penaeus pulchvicaudatus, n. sp. IV. Penatopsis spinulicaucla, n. sp. V. Parapenaeus fissums (Bate), n. sp. VI. Haliporoides triarthrus, D. g. et sp. VII. Haliporoides triarthrus, u. g. et sp. VIII. Macropetasnia africanus (Halsg), n. sp. IX. Eusicyonia longicauda (KutliUun). X. Sclerocrangon bellmarleyi, n. sp. XI. Chlorotocus crassicornis, A. Costa. XII. Stylodactylus sermlus, A. Milne-Edwards. XIII. Solenocera comatus, n. sp. XIV. Solenocera comatus, n. sp. XV. Philoeheras megalocheir, u. sp. XVI. Palaemon delagoae, n. sp. XVII. Leander peringueyi, n. sp. XVIII. Leander gilchristi, n. sp. List of Plates. IX PLATE XIX. Palaemonetes natalensis, n. sp. XX. Aluheus notabilis, n. sp. XXI. Alpheus notabilis, u. sp. XXII. Alpheus dissodontonotus, n. sp. XXIII. Synalpheus anisocheir, n. sp. XXIV. Spirontocaris pax, n. sp. XXV. Exhippolysmata tugelae, u. g. et sp. 1. Trischizostoma paucispinosuni, n. sp. 2-3. Paravalettia chelata, n. sp. 4. Cyphocaris faurei, n. sp. 5. Stegocephaloides attingens, n. sp. (3. Ampelisca miops, n. sp. 7. Ampelisca natalensis, n. sp. XXVI. 8-10. Triodos insignis, n. g. et sp. 11-12. Gitanopsis pusilla, n. sp. 18. Peltocoxa australis, n. sp. 14. Leucothoe dolichoceras, n. sp. 15-17. Stenothoe dolichopous, n. sp. 18-24. Plioplateia triquetra, n. g. et sp. 2-5-35. Temnophlias capensis, n. g. et sp. 1-3. Bathymedon palpalis, u. sp. 4. Halicreion (?) ovalitelson, n. sp. 5. Epimeria semiarmata, n. sp. 6. Epimeria longispinbsa, n. sp. 7-9. Cleonardopsis carinata, n. g. et sp. 10. Rhachotropis paeneglaber, u. sp. 11-12. Maera hamigera (Haswell). 13-14. Elasmopus boeckii (Haswell). 15. Elasmopus levis, n. sp. XXVII.. 16-19. Eriopisa capensis, n. sp. 20-22. Gammarus capensis, n. sp. 23. Gammarus nigroctilus, n. sp. 24-25. Gammarus crassicornis, n. sp. 26-2S. Gammarus auricularis, n. sp. 29-32. Talorchestia quadrispinosa, n. sp. 33-3-4. Talorchestia australis, n. sp. 35-36. Talorchestia ancheidos, u. sp. 37. Hyale saldanha. 38-40. Chiltonia capensis, n. sp. List of Plates. PLATE 1-2. Parorchestia dassenensis, u. sp. .'!. Hyale diasloma, n. sp. 4. Hyale inyacka, n. sp. 5-6. Lembos hypacanthus, n. sp. 7-8. Lemboides acanthiger, n. sp. '.)-!(). Lemboides crenatipalma, n. sp. 11. Eurystheus afer (Stebbing). 12. Eurystheus imminens, n. sp. 13-14. Eurystheus semideutatus. n. sp. 1.1-17. Macropisthopous stebbingi, n. g. is. Ischyrocerus cavinatus, n. sp. XXVlII.-i 19-21. Isaeopsis tenax, n. g. et sp. 2'2. Laetmatophilus tridens, n. sp. 23. Podocerus palinuri. n. sp. '24-25. Podocerus africanus, n. sp. 26. Photis longicaudata (B. <$ W.). '27-28. Stomaconlion capense, n. sp. J'.i. Stegocepbaloides australis, n. sp :50-31. Ampelisca palmata, n. sp. : : ! - 2. Melita fresnelii (Atnionin). Ho. Elasmopus pectrnicrus (Bntr\. 34. Ampithoe brevipes \Dan). 3.3. Caprellina spiniger, n. sp. v I Daphnia inagna (Kfrmi-s). XXIX. Daphnia doliehocephala (Cr. 0. Sars). | Daphnia hodgsoni. n. sp. ( Daphnia coronata, n. sp. XXX. | Daphnia thomsoni. G. O. Sars. j Daphnia propinqua, G. O. Sars. XXXI. J Daphnia tenni.-pina, n. sp. Siruosa australier.bis (DanuJ). Siniosa vetuloidas (G. Stirs). XXXII.-' Simosa capensis (G. 0. Bars}. Hcapholeberis kiugi, Cr. 0. Sars. Ceriodaphnia producta, u. sp. XXXIII.- Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine), var. minor, n. Ceriodaplinia quadrangula (Muller), var. Ceriodaphnia dubia, Richard. XXXIV..' Ceriodaphnia laticaudata, P. E. Midler. ( Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Richard. i Moina maerocopa (Straus). Moina tenuicornis, G. O. Sars. A AA. \ . ~ I Moina brachiata (Junne). Moina dubia, Richard. List of Plates. XI PLATE. I Echinisca capensis, n. sp. XXXVI. J Macrothrix propinqua. G. Macrothrix spinu.su. King. I Ilyocryptus sordidus (Lievin). XXXVII. | Leydigia macrodonta, n. sp. I Leydigia propinqua, G. O. Sars. XXXVIII. "j Leydigia microps, a. sp. Alona afliniH (Ley dig}. Alona harpularia, n. sp. XXXIX.- Aloua arcuata, n. sp. Alona striolata, n. sp. Aloua intermedia, G. 0. Sars. XL, Alona crassicauda, n. sp. Alona pulchella. Kimj. Alona bukobensis, Welthner. Alona kanui. King. Alouella excisa (Fischer). Chydorus barroisi (RicliardJ. i Euryalona colletti (G. 0. Sars}. XLI. I'leuroxus inermis, G. O. Sars. I Dunhevedia crassa, King. Spulaeiscus tabulae, n. sp. Shortridgea miranda, n. sp Zitsikama tessellata, n. sp. Libanasidus vittatus, Kirby. Platysiagon capicola, n. sp. Umtata musicus, 11. sp. INDEX OF GENERA. PAGE A. Acaenitus, Latr 385 Acanthephyra, Miln. Edw 96 Acanthocercus, tichodl 327 Acanthoplus, Stal 431 Acanthoproctus, Kartell 431 Agrypon, Flint 392 Alona, Baird 331 Alonella, Sara 338 Alonopsis, Sars 341 Alpheus, Fabric 58, 80 Amaryllis, Hasic 114 Amblyreles, Wesm 3(55 Ampelisca, A"/v>// 132 Arapitlioe, Leach . . . . 253 Angitia, Holnifir H'.tS Anisobas. We*>n 360 Anthosoma, Leach 58 Antistasea, Bischo/ 485 Aora, Kriiy .. 2-i6 Aphractia, Kirb 431 Apodaera, Macq 507 Argyrophylax, Br. d'- Bern 479 Aristacomorpha.TFood. Mas. d'Alc. 24 Aristias, Boeck 121 Aroegas, Penny 445 Arytropteris, Herm 440 Athanas, Leach 87 B. Halanus, Ellis 58 Barichneumou, Tlioin.x 3(54 Bassus, Fall 3!)1 Bathymedon, Sar* 163 Benthesicymus, Bate 21 Blepharipoda, Br. r.*t 359 Nepiera, Forst 397 Nicippe, Bntr. 101 Xntotracbys. Marxli 392 Xototropts. Cost 173 0. Ocypode. Fabr. TO Ocyptera, Latr. . 506 Oediceroides, Stebb Ogyris, Stimpn Omorga, Th<}ins. 162 31 395 Onoaandi'idus, Pfrinri .... 421 Onosandrus, Stnl Orthoprotella, Ma// . .... 421 284 Osprhvnchotus, Spin. :;7* Oxymedoria. Villen. . 505 P. Palaemon, Fabr 73 Palaemonetes, Heller 77 Palaemonopsis, Stimps 77 Pales, Dexr 486 Pandalus, Leach 36 Paniscus, Crar 393 Paramoera, Mier* 183 Parandenia, Stebb 131 Parapandalus. Borrad 37 Parapasiphae, Smith 32 Pavapenaeus. Smith 18 Parapronoe, Clans 293 Pararondania, Villen 498 L'aravalettia, Hum 112 Paribacas, Dmt/i fi4 Parorchestia, Strbb. . . .... 226 Parribacus. l)fl Pentachele?, Bate 11 Pexopsis. Br. d' lleni 492 Philocheras. Stebb. ' 71 Philopsyche, Cam 388 PAGE Phobocampa, Thorns 395 Phorostoma, Rond 504 Photis, Kniy 242 Phrosina, Huso 292 Phryxus, Sa-rs 47 Phtisica, Slabb 283 Phye, Wood. Mas 33 Phygadenon, Grar 371 Pilunmus, I. each 57 Pimpla, F.,br 386 PlaKiocoma, Villen 473 Platyischnopus, Stebb 82, 142 Platylabus, ll'eum 368 Platysiagon, Bnui 423 Pleropeletaria, ViUcn 470 Plesia, Jiir 455 Plesionika, Bate 37 Pleuroxns, Baird 342 Plioplateia, Barn 155 Pnenmora. Thunb 409 Podocerus, Leach 276 Poecilopimpla, Mnrl 387 Polycheria, Hasu-. . . ...... 210 Polyclistns, FUrxt 391 Potnatocheles, Miers 3 Porcellaiia, Lam 5s Prozenillia, l'illen 487 Pylocheles, Miln. Kdw 2 Pyrellia, Rob. De*c 512 Pyrrhosiella, rilleit 501 R, Rhachotropis, S'i 178 Rondaniooestrus. rillen 465 S. Savon. Tlnillii Scapholeberis, Schoed. Sclerocangon, .svr.<. . . Scolia, Fabr Scyliarus, Fabr Scypholanceola, ll'ult. . Sericophommya, .-litxt. . Setulia, Hob. De*r. . . . Shortridgea, Pf'rit>i/. . Sjostedtiella, Step Socarnopsis, Chen-. . . . Solenocera, Luc Spelaeiacris, Perinn 47o Stomoxys, Geoff 'r 453 Sturmia, Rob. De.r. tf- licrii 47'2 Talitnator, Meth ' 2'J'2 Talorchestia. Dunn ">s, -Jl.". Temnophlias, Barn 1^^ Thalamita, Latr 5s Thelairosoma, Villen 4'.)',) Tlienus, Leach 61. 04 Theronia, Holmgr ."^7 Tricholyga. Rond 4',)4 Triodos, Burn. ... .. 140 PAGE Trischizostoma, Jim't-l; luli Trixoclea, Vilhn 497 U. Uristes, Dana 12fj Urothoe, Dan 148 I'rsu, Riiinpli til, Cu Umtata, Pering 444 X. Xanthojoppa, Cam 35S Xiphidion, Sttrv 447 Xylonomus. Grarh '>^i z. /cnillia, Rub. Dtm-. . Zitsikama, Pemio . . . 44fJ Zonophryxus, RU-hardx 48 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFBICAN MUSEUM. (VOL. XV.) I. South African Crustacea (Part VII. of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). By the Rev. THOMAS E. E. STEBBING, M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Fellow of King's College, London, Hon. Memb. New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow Worcester College, Oxford. (Plates I.-XII. of Vol. XV. Plates LXV.-LXXVI. of Crustacea.) AT various opportunities Dr. Gilchrist and Dr. Peringuey have sent me specimens of Macrura from South African waters. I was in hopes of being able to deal with the accumulated material in a single essay. But it now seems expedient to offer the present contribution as a first instalment of the report. There is some excuse for going slowly. The literature of the subject has become voluminous, and not infrequently the student is confronted with two opposite diffi- culties, in having to guess what species was intended by an old meagre description, and in having to weigh critically all the minute distinctions of a modern elaborate one. When there are many speci- mens at his disposal all superficially alike, he has to guard against overlooking important characters that may differentiate some of them. When the specimen is unique, there is the torturing alterna- tive of spoiling it for exhibition in a museum by dissection, or spoiling it for any real use to science by leaving it intact. With the extension of research the task of assigning specific names becomes increasingly hard, as connecting links are discovered between species and species, and the range of variability within an acknowledged species is demonstrated. Of the South African macruran fauna it is probably true that its members have very near relatives in almost every part of the ocean. Six new species are here proposed, and two new genera, Hali- poroides and Macropetasma. Further, the name Pomatoclielidae is substituted for the family previously called Pylochelidae, and for the preoccupied names Sicyonia and Ogyris the new generic names 1 2 Annals of the South African Museum. Eusicyonia and Ogy rides are offered respectively in exchange. Incidentally a parasitic isopod is named Hemiarthrus nematocarcini and the arnphipod Platyischnopus mirabilis is added to the South African fauna. MACRURA. MACRURA ANOMALA. TRIBE PAGUEIDEA. 1888. Paguridea, Henderson, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, p. 40. FAMILY POMATOCHELIDAE. 1883. Pylochelidae, Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 10, 11. 1892. Parapaguridae, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, pp. 243, 274. 1893. ,, Stebbing, Hist. Crust., Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. 74, pp. 166, 169. 1901. Pylochelidae, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Crust. Anomala, p. 209 (Pomatochelidac ?, p. 210). 1905. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Anomura, fasc. 1, pp. 12, 13. 1913. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 9, p. 34. The genera included in this family, according to Alcock, are Pomatocheles , Miers, 1879, Pylochcles, A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Mixtopagurus, A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Cheiroplatea, Bate, 1888, and Parapy Iodides, Alcock, 1901. The proximity of Pomatocheles to Pijlocheles was noticed by A. Milne- Edwards and Bouvier in 1893, and in 1913 the species Pomatocheles jeffreysii, Miers, is transferred by Balss to Mixtopagurus. But clearly the generic name given by Miers has the precedence, and the union of the two genera requires that the Mixtopagurus paradoxus of A. Milne- Edwards and Henderson's Pylocheles spinosits should be renamed as species of Pomatocheles. There is a difficulty in regard to Mixtopagurus gilli, Benedict, 1901, that it has a very unsymmetrical telson, which would seem to exclude it from this family altogether. That the family should be named Pomatochelidae after its premier genus, as Alcock suggested in 1901, is to my mind obvious, but quot homines, tot sententiae. South African Crustacea. 3 GEN. POMATOCHELES, Miers. 1879. Pomatocheks, Miers, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 49. 1880. Mixtopagurus, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, pt. 8, p. 39. 1893. ,, A. M.-Edwards and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 14, No. 3, p. 23. 1905. Pomatocheks and Mixtopagurus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep- sea Anomura, fasc. 1, p. 14. 1913. Mixtopagurus, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 9, p. 34. In his synopsis of the genera, Alcock distinguishes Poma- tocheks as having " hands of chelipeds forming an operculum " from Mixtopagurus with " chelipeds not operculiform." Both are distinguished from Pylochelcs and Cheiroplatea by having the third rnaxillipeds normal instead of cheliform. The new species here described is distinguished from P. gilli by its symmetrical telson, from P. paradoxus by having the palp of the first maxillae simple instead of two-jointed, from P. spinosus by its unequal chelipeds, and from P. Jeffrey sii by longer eyestalks, the rostrum acute instead of rounded, unequal and strongly tuberculose chelipeds, and the much more sharply separated lobes of the telson. POMATOCHELES BALSSI, n. sp. Plate LXV. The anterior half of the carapace is calcined, the rest more or less membranaceous, as is the case with the pleon except in the short first segment and the sixth, the latter appearing to be immovably bent, as though the telson and uropods were permanently folded forwards and underneath. It is rather remarkable that this symmetrical hermit should have been found occupying a simple cylindrical coral which is itself curved and tapers to a narrow completely closed foot. But similarly P. Jeffrey sii occupied the curved shell of a Dentalium. The general surface is pilose, the rostral point acute, a smaller acute point being formed by the front margin outside each ocular peduncle. These peduncles are long, a little dilated for the small dark cornea ; the small scales at the base are not contiguous and are produced on the inner side into a single acute point. The telson is much longer than broad, bilobed with a deep apical incision, the sides of which, like the free border all round, are fringed with plumose setae ; the 4 Annals of the South African Museum. outer lateral margins are convex, with no such concavity as is shown in the figures of P. jcffrcysii and P. spinosus. In P. paradoxus the sides of the telson are sinuous in the figure, but in the description the telson is said to be " broadly emarginate behind and excavate on the sides." The first antennae have a first joint rather longer than the second, with an apical tooth on one side and one below the apex on the other; the third joint is rather shorter than the second; the prin- cipal flagellum is subequal in length to the peduncle, its first half broad, with very long plumose setae, the whole nearly twice as long as the slender companion flagellum. The peduncles are perhaps scarcely as long as the eyes. Benedict, in comparing P. gilli with P. paradoxus, remarks that in the latter species these peduncles do not reach the corneae, while in the former they pass them. But it may be asked whether he is not comparing the peduncles of his own species fully extended with those of Milne-Edwards' figured in their natural geniculate position, which shows the second joint end on, thus giving no idea of its actual length. The long third joint of the mandibular palp is partially fringed with setules. The middle plate of the first maxillae is fringed with numerous strong spines, the narrow one-jointed "palp" has six slender spines at the apex. The long sinuous apical joint of the second maxillae, broad at its base, is drawn out to a fine point at the lightly armed apex. In the third maxillipeds the third joint is armed with a long row of teeth, the fourth joint has two teeth at the outer apex, the sixth joint is elongate, carrying the short spinose seventh at its end, with no suggestion of the chelate character which makes these appendages notable in Pyloclieles. The first peraeopods are not symmetrical, that on the left side being considerably the larger. In both, the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints are furnished with numerous teeth, the fingers of the left chela being stout, shorter than the palm, while those on the right are subequal to it in length. The small but sturdy fifth peraeo- pods have the sixth joint fringed with close-set spines, the short finger closing tightly on the truncate or slightly concave apex. The first pleopods of the male are set rather near together, rnem- branaceous, fringed with setae, in shape like a flat spoon, the handle curved, of uniform width, the bowl pointed. The second pair wide apart, with stiff peduncle, the single ramus ending in a membrana- ceous trowel-shaped expansion. The three remaining pairs all mem- branaceous, each with a long and a short ramus. Peduncle of the uropods with a small tooth at each apex, both rami fringed South African Crustacea. 5 with long plumose setae and pads of short stout spines along the outer margin. Total length, allowing for an extended telson, about 18 mm., the carapace accounting for 6 rnm. The eyes are 3 mm. long. The coral is 33 mm. long, width of interior at the top nearly 7 mm. externally 10 mm., nai'rowest part 6 mm. Locality. Near East London, Cove Eock NW. f W. 13 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 80-130 fathoms. A 1571.* The specific name is given in compliment to Dr. Heinrich Balss, a valued carcinologist. TRIBE GALATHEIDEA. 1888. Galatheidea, Henderson, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, p. 103. FAMILY GALATHEIDAE. 1853. Galatheidae, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 1431. GEN. GALATHEA, Fabricius. 1793. Galathea, Fabricius, Entomologia Sytematica, vol. 2, p. 472. GALATHEA DISPEESUS, Bate, 1858. Galathea dispersa, Bate, Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 3, No. 9, p. 3. 1863. G. nexa, Heller (not Embleton), Crust, sudl. Europa, p. 191, pi. 6, fig. 4 (by misprint 3 in expl. pi.). 1888. G. dispersa, Henderson, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, pt. 69, p. 119, pi. 12, figs. 6, 6a. 1888. Bonnier, Bull. Sci. France Belgique, Ser. 3, vol. 1, Nos. 4-8, p. 68, pi. 13, figs. 1-3. 1900. A. Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Crust. Decap., Travailleur et Talisman, p. 278, pi. 29, figs. 2, 3. 1910. ,, Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 364. The fuller description of Stimpson's Galathea labidoleptus, published in 1907, long after Stimpson's death, appears to show * The number given with a locality only concerns the South African Museum. 6 Annals of tlie. South African Museum. many points of difference from (Jr. dispersus. Thus he describes the rostrum as long, with the four lateral teeth as small and very slender, the gastric region of the carapace carrying 2 little spines anteriorly, the chelipeds as rather stout, hand with a thick palm, but very slender fingers, which together are much narrower than the palm, sti'aight and not toothed. In the specimens here referred to G. dispersus the rostrum cannot properly be called long, and three of the lateral teeth are not small nor always slender, the teeth behind the rostrum on the gastric region are 6 in number. Within and slightly below the antero-lateral tooth there is a small denticle, and a row of denticles runs behind the antero-lateral to a pterygo- stomian tooth ; a line of seven teeth runs down each side. The first joint of the first antennae has three long apical processes. The fingers of the chelipeds are together not strikingly narrower than the palm, and they are not devoid of teeth on their confronting margins, though the teeth are inconspicuous except one near each curved apex. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of this species is one to which Stimp- son's account makes no allusion, namely, the four conspicuous teeth on the oblique distal margin of the fourth joint in the third maxillipeds. The difficulty of deciding anything as to the independence of Stimpson's species is in large measure due to the varying characters of G. dispersus. Thus Hender- son states that " the first striated ridge on the gastric area, situated at the base of the rostrum, bears from two to six spinules, but in some cases they are obsolete." A. Milne- Edwards and Bouvier have discussed the great differences in size that occur between adult specimens. In our three South African specimens, of graduated sizes, the medium one was 23 mm. long, of which the carapace accounted for 12*5 mm., the rostral part of it being 4'5 mm., and the greatest breadth 8 mm. Only in the smallest of the three did the rostral lateral teeth give the impression of slenderness. Locality. Great Fish Point Lighthouse, W. by N. 5 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 22 fathoms. A 919. GEN. MUNIDOPSIS, Whiteaves. 1874. Munidopsis, Whiteaves, Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, vol. 7, p. 212. 1882. S. I. Smith, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 10, No. 1, p. 21. South African Crustacea. 7 1888. Mimidopsis, Henderson, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 27, pt. 69, p. 148. 1895. ,, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Cornp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 81. 1900. ,, A. Milne-Edwards et Bouvier, Exp. Travailleur et Talisman, Crust. Decap., pt. 1, p. 312. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Crustacea, p. 247. 1902. Benedict, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 26, pp. 244, 315. 1904. ,, Caiman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 14, p. 214. Alcock's synonymy of this genus includes Galathodes, Oro- phorhynchus, Elasmonotus, instituted by A. Milne-Edwards in 1880, Anoplonotus, Smith, 1883, Galathopsis, Henderson, 1885, and Bathyankyristes, Alcock and Anderson, 1894, the intergrading of all but the last having been already discussed by Faxon in 1895. But, while making the name Munidopsis generically paramount, Alcock divides the genus into five groups under the names Munidopsis, Galatliodes, Oroplw- rhynchus, Elasmonotus, Bathyankyristes, so that the last four generic names seem to be practically readmitted as it were by the back door, after being turned out by the front one. Group 1 is defined as : " Munidopsis proper, with the antero-lateral angles of the carapace spiniform, even if the lateral borders are not anteriorly spinose or dentate ; with the rostrum styliform or acutely triangular, without any lateral spines ; with the chelipeds decidedly longer than the legs and usually, in the male, as long as, or longer than, the fully extended body ; and with the eyes terminal on the eye-stalks, which are almost always freely movable." MUNIDOPSIS SIMPLEX, A. Milne-Edwards. 1880. Galathodes simplex, A. Milne-Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 56. 1894. Munidopsis simplex, A. M. -Edwards et Bouvier, Ann. Sci, Nat., Ser. 7, vol. 18, p. 275. 1897. ,, ,, A. M.-Edwards et Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 19, No. 2, p. 89, pi. 5, figs. 2-7. 1900. A. M.-Edwards et Bouvier, Exp. Tra- vailleur et Talisman, Crust. Decap., p. 314. 8 Annals of the South African Museum. 1902. Munidopsis simplex, Benedict, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 26, pp.277, 326. 1908. ,, ,, Hansen, Danish Ingolf Exp., vol. 3, Crust. Malac., p. 37. In Benedict's useful key to fifty-one species of the genus, M. simplex is distinguished as one of those in which eye spines are not present, the rostrum is simple and curved upward, the armature of the pleon confined to the median line, the median line on the gastric area armed with spines or tubercles, orbicular (? orbital) sinus lacking, and finally with carapace of nearly uniform width, widest in middle, not cut up into lobes. M. longirostris, A. M. -Edwards and Bouvier, agrees with it, according to the key, except in having " carapace not uniform in width, cut into lobes by cervical sutures" and "broadest near anterior end." Our specimens have the carapace narrowest near anterior end, with antero-lateral spines less pronounced than those figured for M. longirostris. On the other hand, the third maxillipeds have only two teeth on the inner margin of the fourth joint, which the French authors mention as a character of their species, compared with the three teeth in M. simplex. Here also the carapace has a transverse pair of teeth followed by a single tooth near them and another quite distinct at a distance, in accord with M. longirostris. Thus, as the French authors themselves suggest, the two forms are probably not specifically distinct. The carapace including rostrum of the larger specimen measures 22 mm. in length, the pleon being rather shorter ; it contained eggs in no great quantity. The carapace of a much smaller specimen measured 18 mm., of which the rostrum accounted for 7 '5 mm. Locality. Cape Point, N. 77 E. (Cape Colony) ; depth 660 fathoms. A 912. MACRURA GENUINA. TEIBE THALASSINIDEA. 1893. Thalassinidea (part), Stebbing, History of Crustacea, Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. 74, p. 180. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 151. 3903. Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 12, p. 534. SontJt African Crustacea. FAMILY AXIIDAE. 1888. Axiidae, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 36. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 186. 1901. Kathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comrn. 1900, vol. 2, p. 95. 1906. Eathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Cornm. 1903, pt. 3, p. 893. 1907. Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 19, pp. 468, 475, 476. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 85. GEN. CALOCAEIS, Bell. 1853. Calocaris, Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., p. 231 (dated 1847 by White in List of British Crustacea in Brit. Mus., p. 33, 1850). 1891. ,, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 50, pi. 1, fig. 5, (mouth organs). 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 187 (with synonymy, p. 189). 1908. ,, Lagerberg, Goteborgs K. Vet. Handl., Ser. 4, vol. 11, p. 51. 1908. ,, Hansen, Danish Ingolf Exp., vol. 3, Crust. Malac. p. 41 (distribution). CALOCARIS BAENABDI, n. sp. Plate LXVI. From Bell's C. macandrcae the present species is well distinguished by the very different proportions of the large chelae in the first peraeopods, the fingers in the former being about three times as long as the palm, while here the fixed finger is not longer than the palm and the movable finger about once and a half as long as that shorter part of the palm to which it is attached. In C. alcocki, McArdle, the palm is as long as the fingers, but the whole structure is more slender than in the new species. There also the rostrum is upturned, whereas here it is perfectly straight and horizontal ; the carinae diverging backwards from the rostrum are each sur- mounted by three denticles. The telson has a minute median spine in its very shallow apical emargination. The eyes are large, flattened, and as preserved opaque wbite. 10 Annals of the South African Museum. In the first antennae the proximal portion of the first joint is much wider than the distal ; of the two slender flagella one is rather move than thrice, the other more than four times as long as the peduncle. In the second antennae the penultimate joint of the peduncle is twice as long as the last joint, but only a little longer than the ante-penultimate joint ; the flagellum is about twice as long as the longer one in the first pair. In the palp of the mandibles the third joint is the longest. The long two-jointed palp of the first maxillae has the first joint straight, the second sinuous. The third maxillipeds have an apical tooth on the first joint and also on the second, the remaining joints are beset with numbers of very long spine-like setae ; the third joint has a slightly oblique surface row of 8 or 9 teeth, and the following joint has a small sub-terminal tooth as in C. alcocki ; the seventh joint has a close brush of serrate spines in addition to its long setae. The fixed finger of the first peraeopods has its inner margin crenulate, met before the centre by a prominence of the movable finger. The confronting margins of both fingers in the second peraeopods are finely denticulate. The first pleopods resemble the petasmata of the Penaeids, but are described and figured by Alcock as common to both sexes. The remarkable second pleopod of the female found in C. alcocki is not represented in our specimens. They attain a length of 38 mm. Locality. Cape Castle, E. ^ N. 9 miles (near Saldanha Bay, Cape Colony) ; depth 89 fathoms. A 1549. The specific name is given to mark my sense of the excellent service which Mr. K. H. Barnard is rendering to carcinology at the South African Museum under the auspices of Dr. Peringuey. TKIBE EBYONIDEA. 1901. Eryonidea, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 151. 1910. Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, p. 377. FAMILY EKYONIDAE. 1852. Eryonidae, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 515. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 164 (with synonymy). South African Crustacea. 11 GEN. PENTACHELES, Bate. 1878. Pentachelcs, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. 2, p. 276. 1888. Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 143. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 165, 171. PENTACHELES GRANULATUS (Faxon). 1893. Polycheles granulatus, Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 24, p. 197. 1894. Pentachc.les beaumontii, Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 13, p. 236, and Illustrations Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 2, pi. 8, fig. 3. 1895. Polycheles granulatus, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol 18, p. 123, pi. 32, fig. 1, pi. 33, figs. 2, 2a. 1901. Pentacheles beaumontii, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 175. 1906. Polycheles granulatus, Eathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1893, p. 899, fig. 54. Both specimens in the collection are small, only reaching a length of 38 or 39 mm. Unfortunately in both the first peraeopods are damaged, but the other details are well within the limits of variation shown by the descriptions which Faxon and Alcock have respectively given. The specimen more particularly examined has the small fifth peraeopod not chelate, the sixth joint being only shortly produced over the seventh, which is stated to be a male characteristic. Locality. Cape Point E. by N. f N. 34 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 480 to 600 fathoms. A 1025. TEIBE PENAEIDEA 1888. Penacidca, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 219. FAMILY PENAEIDAE. 1881. Penaeidae, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. 8, pp. 171, 173. 12 Annals of the SontJi African Museum. GEN. GENNADAS, Bate. 1881. Gennadas, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. 8, pp. 171, 191. 1914. Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 4. 1914. Stebbing, Trans. E. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, No. 9, p. 282 (witb synonymy). GENNADAS KEMPI, Stebbing. 1914. Gennadas kempi, Stebbing, Trans. E. Soc. Edin., vol. 50, pt. 2, No. 9, p. 283, pi. 27. In one of tbe specimens with petasmata, those organs are in precise agreement with the same parts as figured for an example obtained by Dr. Bruce's " Scotia" Expedition. The present specimens have more slender eye-stalks with the lateral process more produced, and the little tooth at the end of the scale of the second antennae is rather longer, but the details in general present no differences. The length of a female specimen was 31 mm., and the male with petasmata well developed was approximately the same. It is no doubt nearly allied to G. calmani, Kemp, which appears to be a considerably larger species, and distinguished by a prominent ventral spine on the first pleon segment in both sexes, not found in either sex of the present species. Locality. Cape Point, NE. i- N. 47 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 700-1,000 fathoms. A 1256. GEN. PENAEUS, J. C. Pabricius. 1798. Penaeus, J. C. Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 408. PENAEUS JAPONICUS, Bate. 1888. Penaeus canaliculatus , Olivier, var. japonicus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, p. 245, pis. 31, 32, fig. 4, pi. 37, fig. 2. 1906. ,, ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Mus. Macrura-; fasc. 1, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 6, 6a-c. 1906. ,, japonicus, Nobili, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 9, vol. 4, pp. 6, 10. 1911. de Man, Siboga Exp. 39a, p. 107. 1914. ,, ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, pp. 7, 13. South African Crustacea. 13 The rostrum of the specimen is broken, but the sculpture of the carapace and the thelycum agree with Alcock's figure, and the telson has three small lateral spines on one margin and two on the other. The length of the specimen, with allowance for the broken rostrum, may be estimated as 140 mm. Locality. Van Staden Eiver, N. by E. \ E. 3 miles (St. Francis Bay, Cape Colony) ; depth 32 fathoms. A 1038. PENAEUS CANALICULATUS, Olivier. 1811. Penaeus canaliculatus, Olivier, Encycl. Methodique, p. 660. 1888. ,, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 243, pi. 32, figs. 1, 2. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 147. 1913. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39, pi. 9, figs. 34a, 346. Bate's account of this species gives " rostrum slightly arched, furnished on the upper surface with nine teeth, the posterior of which stands on the gastric region a little unequally distant from the preceding, and one tooth on the lower margin imme- diately below the most anterior of those on the upper." "With this our specimen agrees, except in having ten teeth instead of nine, as also with Bate's account of the telson, " acuminate and fringed with hairs at the sides ; dorsal median line longitudinally channelled to the apex." It agrees also with de Man's observation that the telson is charac- terized by bearing no spinules on its lateral margins. So far as could be discovered without dissection the thelycum corre- sponds with that which de Man figures for the young female. The only point in which the specimen appears to differ from earlier descriptions regards the extension of the rostrum, which reaches beyond the dark bean-shaped eyes, but not nearly to the apex of the peduncle of the first antennae. This peduncle reaches the level of the lateral tooth of the scale of the second antennae. The scale extends some distance beyond this tooth. The flagella of the first antennae are of no great length ; the upper stouter one is the shorter. The flagellurn of the second antennae measured 70 mm., there- fore being longer than the body, which is only 50 mm. The first peraeopods are short, nor are any of the limbs con- spicuously elongate. The inner branch of the uropods is longer than the telson and shorter than the outer branch, 14 Annals of the South African Museum. in which the marginal tooth is inconspicuous, being close to the apex of the branch. Locality. Bluff Lighthouse, SW. 5 miles ; depth 15 fathoms (Durban). A 1190. PENAEUS PULCHRICAUDATUS, n. sp. Plate LXVII. The small slender specimen for which this new species is insti- tuted after long preservation in spirit was still beautifully variegated with lines of little blue spots. The nearest ally appears to be Penaeus japonicus, Bate, with which the carapace closely agrees. There are 9 dorsal spines, the hindmost remote from the rest, of which 2 are behind the orbit and the foremost rather remote from the apex and slightly in advance of the single ventral tooth. Between the fourth peraeopods there is a long adpressed spine-like ventral process, and a similar but shorter one between the fifth peraeopods. The sixth pleon segment is longer than the telson, sharply carinate, ending posteriorly in a medio-dorsal tooth, and having a smaller tooth at each postero-lateral angle. The telson is narrowly lanceolate, behind the centre having eight pairs of marginal spines, four pairs successively larger at successively smaller intervals, followed by a series of four microscopical pairs, all outflanked by the last of the large pairs and placed on the converg- ing sides of the apical tongue, which then becomes nearly parallel- sided, with a slight bulge before running out to a point. The eyes are large, dark, and bean-shaped, with a narrow ped- uncle. The two pairs of antennae are like those of P. japonicus, with which the mouth organs show much agreement, but in place of the very long terminal joint which Bate attributes to the palp of the first maxillae there are here two short joints, together shorter than Bate's long single joint. In the second maxillae the lowest lobe is notable for the paucity of setae ; on the apical lobe there are 3 very short spines, and below them on the inner margin a group of denticles. In the second maxillipeds the terminal joint is shorter instead of longer than the preceding joint, and in both second and third maxillipeds the exopod is much less strongly developed than it appears in the figures of P. japonicus. This, however, may be referable to the age of the specimen. In the first, second, and third peraeopods the fingers of the chela are longer than the palm, and the confronting denticulation is more or less limited in its extent. In the first pair groups of little serrate South African Crustacea. 15 spines are present subapically on the fifth and proximally on the sixth joint. In the first pair the second and third joints carry each a strong apical spine. In the second pair only the second joint is thus provided. All the peraeopods have exopods, those on the fifth pair being very small. The fifth pair is slightly longer than the fourth, both being considerably shorter than the third. The uropods extend beyond the telson, the outer branch beyond the inner, its small terminal tooth being on a level with the apical margin. Length of specimen 45 mm., the carapace with its rostrum con- stituting about one-third of this measurement. Locality. Great Fish Point Lighthouse, N. ^ W., 2 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 30 fathoms. A 1016. GEN. PENAEOPSIS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1881. Penaeopsis, A. M. -Edwards in Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. 8, pp. 171, 182. 1888. ,, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 273. 1891. Metapenaeus, Wood-Mason, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 8, p. 271. 1906. Netapeneus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 3, fasc. 1, pp. 5, 7, 16. 1909. Penaeopsis, Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 205, 220. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, pp. 8, 53. This genus, according to Dr. de Man, comprises nearly fifty species. Some of them appear to be very closely connected together. PENAEOPSIS QUINQUEDENTATUS (de Man). 1902. Penaeus, sp., de Man, Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Gesell., vol. 25, p. 906, pi. 27, figs. 65, 65a-c. 1907. Metapeneus quinquedentatus, de Man, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 29, p. 133. 1911. Penaeopsis q., de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39ft, pp. 8, 71. 1913. de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39, pi. 7, fig. 23a-<7. Among points to be observed in this species, it may be noted that the carapace is without stridulating ridges, the body is finely tornentose, the rostrum setulose below, with five or six teeth on the convex upper margin, its apex reaching little beyond the large red bean-shaped cornea of the eye. There is a small epigastric tooth at some distance behind the 16 Annals of the South African Museum. rostrum. The carinaof the pleon is most marked on the sixth segment. The pointed apex of the telson has a subapical process on each side, these processes being completely flanked by a pair of movable spines planted higher up, these in turn being partially flanked by a nearly equal pair further up, succeeded further up by a much smaller pair. The first antennae have a large first joint hollowed out to receive the eye, a shorter but still rather long second joint, twice the length of the third joint, which nearly reaches the apex of the scale of the second antenna ; the two flagella are little longer than the two preceding joints of the peduncle com- bined, the more slender flagellum a little longer than its companion. The second joint of the palp of the mandible is much larger than the first, widening distally and having a shallow emar- gination in the setose distal border between the two rounded corners. The second peraeopod is longer than the first, the third than the second, the wrist contributing notably to the successive elongation. The confronting ends of the fingers are microscopically denticulate. The fifth peraeopod is con- siderably longer than the fourth. The petasmata, as observed in a specimen in which they had not come into contact, and are presumably not fully developed, are in near agreement with those figured by de Man. In a specimen 38 mm. long from apex of rostrum to apex of telson, the carapace measured 12 mm., or 8 mm. without the rostrum, which in this instance had six teeth on the dorsal margin. The sixth pleon segment was nearly 7 mm. long, and the telson slightly over 5 mm., a little shorter than the inner branch of the uropod, which in turn was shorter than the outer branch. In a specimen 38 mm. long, with 5 rostral teeth, the slender flagellum of the second antenna measured 28 mm. in length. Locality. Cape Natal, W. by N. 6| miles (Natal) ; depth 54 fathoms. A 1207. PENAEOPSIS AFFINIS (Milne-Edwards). 1837. Penaeus ciffinis, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 410. 1906. Mctapeneus a., Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Crust., pt. 3, fasc. 1, pp. 17, 20, pi. 3, figs. 8, 8a-b (with synonymy). 1911. Penaeopsis a., de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 57. South African Crustacea. 17 1913. Penaeopsis a., de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, pi. 6, figs. 15a, I5b. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 7. The separate tooth on the carina of the carapace is followed by eight teeth on the rostrum, which has no ventral teeth and reaches about to the end of the peduncle of the first antennae, this being level with the tooth of the scale of the second antennae. In the first antennae the second joint is stout and long ; the flagellum of the second pair is much longer than the body. The telson is dorsally sulcate, sharp-pointed, with lateral setae but not spines. The length of the single dry and brittle specimen is about 52 mm. The place of origin is uncertain, and perhaps the same epithet should be applied to the identification, as thorough examination was not feasible. A 1198. PENAEOPSIS SPINULICAUDA, n. sp. Plate LXVIII. The characters which induce me to name this species as new are to be found in the lanceolate telson which has no large or projecting lateral spines or processes, but numerous little spines within the margins and some that are dorsal among a large number of spicules ; further, in the second maxillae, of which the endopod has at the apex two notable spines on one surface and one on the other, and seven or eight little teeth along the inner margin; and further in the symmetrical petasmata, which are fringed along the adjoining margins with innumerable microscopic hooks, and at the two extremities appear to differ somewhat from these organs so far as known in other species. The rostrum has no ventral teeth but eight dorsal, the last of which is behind the orbit and is followed at a distance by a small tooth on the long carina of the carapace. The eyes are very dark, bean-shaped. In the first antennae the second joint is more than half as long as the first and more than twice as long as the third ; the flagella are a little shorter than the first two joints of the peduncle combined, one flagellum for two-thirds of its length much stouter than the other. The scale of the second antennae reaches the end of the peduncle of the first ; the flagellum is 96 mm. long. The mandibles have the molar broad, the second joint of the palp very large and setose, distally narrowed. Lower lip with a small group of setules at the inner corner of the broad lobes. The first 2 18 Annals of the South African Museum. maxillae have a small apical joint, longer than broad, tipped with a. seta; the preceding joint has very sinuous margins, with a pellucid transverse band near the apex, behind which the surface has several spines, and the inner margin develops a strong tooth. Second maxillipeds with terminal joint longer than the penultimate, exopod very elongate. Third maxillipeds more slender than the first peraeopods, the long exopod reaching the end of the fifth joint, the epipod strongly furcate. The first peraeopods have the second joint produced into a strong tooth, the short exopod strongly setose, the fifth joint not longer than the chela, in which the palm is much shorter than the fingers ; in these the tips are rounded, the confront- ing margins as usual microscopically denticulate ; the brushes of small serrate setae are present distally on the fifth and proximally on the sixth joint. In the much longer second peraeopods, similar to the first as to the tooth and exopod, these brushes are not present, and the fifth joint is much longer than the chela. In the third peraeopods, which are much longer than the second, the fifth joint is twice the length of the chela and the palm is subequal in length to the fingers. The fifth peraeopod is rather shorter than the third, rather more slender than the fourth but considerably longer, and apparently unlike it in having no exopod. The characters of the first and second pleopods are shown in the figures. The other three pairs have two very unequal branches. The uropods extend considerably beyond the telson, the inner branch without the peduncle being subequal to it in length ; the outer branch is broader and rather longer, with a simple unemarginate outer edge, ending in a very small tooth, beyond which the curved strongly setose apical border is scarcely produced. Total length of specimen 65'5 mm., of which the carapace with rostrum occupied 25 mm., the sixth pleon segment 7 rum., and the telson 9'5 mm. The specimen was obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard in Durban Bay. In the same gathering were included small specimens which I assign to Penaeus caeruleus, and one with seven irregularly spaced dorsal and five ventral teeth on the carapace and elongate rostrum, which I leave for the present undetermined. A 2231. GEN. PAEAPENAEUS, S. I. Smith. 1885. Parapenaeus, Smith, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 8, p. 170. 1899. ,, Alcock and Anderson, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 279. 1901. Parapeneus, Alcock, Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 14. South African Crustacea. 19 1905. Neopenaeopsis, Bouvier, Comptes Eendus, vol. 141, p. 747. 1906. Parapeneus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 7, 30, 52. 1909. Parapenaeus, Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 27, p. 228. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 77. 1913. Parapeneus, Balss, Schultze's Forschungsreise in Siidafrika, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 105. 1914. Parapenaeus, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 10. Rostrum without ventral teeth ; carapace with longitudinal and vertical sutures usually present ; nagella of first antennae not very elongate ; " palp " of first maxilla unsegrnented ; all the peraeopods without exopods ; no pleurobranch on the last thoracic segment. Alcock in 1906 retains P. rectacutus (Bate) in the genus, though pointing out that its carapace is without the sutures which he includes among the characters of the genus. Dr. de Man notices the difficulty. PARAPENAEUS FISSURUS (Bate). Plate LXIX. 1881. Penaeus fissurus, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. v., vol. 8, p. 180. 1888. ,, Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 263, pi. 36, figs. 1, 1", Ip, Iz. 1899. ,, ,, Borradaile, Willey's Zool. Results, pt. 4, p. 404. 1905. Parapeneus /., Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 16, p. 520. 1906. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Decap. Macrura, p. 31, pi. 5, figs. 16, 16a, 166. 1911. Parapenaeus /., de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 79. 1913. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39, pi. 8, figs. 25a, 256. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Beyer. Ak. Wiss., SuppL vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 10, text-fig. 4. In the specimens examined the rostrum makes a double curve, with six teeth on its dorsal carina, the last small, at some distance from the upturned apex ; the sides are also carinate. Of the seven teeth on the carapace the pair between 20 Annals of the South African Museum. the first and second antennae are the largest. The sutures are not easily seen until the carapace is detached. The eyes as preserved are orange-red. In the first antennae the third joint is about half as long as the second, and one flagellum two-thirds the length of the other. The flagellum of the second antenna is considerably longer than the body. In the palp of the mandible the second joint exhibits remarkable width. The chela of the first peraeopods is not longer than the wrist, the fingers are considerably longer than the palm, their confronting margins microscopically denticu- late, the whole limb more setose than those which follow, with minute brushes, distal on the wrist, proximal on the hand, such as are more effectively developed elsewhere in the Caridea. The last four joints of the fifth peraeopods are very decidedly longer than the corresponding four respectively of the fourth pair. The first two-fifths of the telson are broad, the sides then becoming fringed with plumose setae and con- verging to a sharp apex, but midway or a little beyond sending out a pair of unjointed teeth. Locality. Tugela Eiver, N. by W. W. 15| miles (Natal) ; depth 40 fathoms. A 1195. HALIPOEOIDES, n. g. Near to Haliporns, but distinguished by having the palp of the mandibles three-jointed. Rostrum with one or two teeth on the lower edge. Telson trifurcate. Both flagella of first antenna very elongate. First peraeopods with clasping arrangement of spines between the distal margin of the fifth joint and proximal of sixth. In 1901 Alcock speaks of Bate's Haliporns as having the rostrum "toothed dorsally only, as in all the subgenera of Peneus excepting Peneus itself." Since then, however, Bouvier and de Man have shown that teeth may occur on the ventral margin in various species of Haliporus. Thus Bouvier, commenting on the variability of the rostrum in H. debilis (S. I. Smith), says that it has the ventral edge sometimes unarmed, more often armed, with from one to three denticles. The trifurcate telson is noted for some species of the genus, but has not been adopted as a generic character. Similarly the clasping spines of the first peraeopods are not present in some of the species, unless they have been overlooked. I have earlier suggested that the corresponding spines in Senjcstes may be used as brushes and combs for the long flagella of the antennae. South African Crustacea. 21 The many striking points of resemblance between the species for which the new genus is proposed and Haliporus sibogae, de Man, 1911, greatly perplexed me in view of the undoubted fact that the new species differed not only from de Man's species, but, so far as I could find, from the whole known range of the Penaeidae in having the palp of the mandible three- jointed. Eecently, however, Caiman has pointed out that Boas in 1880 assigned a three-jointed palp to the mandible in Sicyonia, which he himself has verified for Sicyonia carinatus (Olivier), adding the same character for Bemthesicymus investigator is, Anderson, thus for the former species controverting Bate's express statement, and for the latter the generic definition alike of Bate and of Alcock. HALIPOROIDES TRIARTHRUS, n. sp. Plates LXX., LXXI. The carapace has a medio-dorsal carina beginning some way in front of the hind margin, with a slight depression where the arms of the cervical groove nearly meet it ; thence it ascends to a denticle, followed by a second, remote and reaching to a point level with the base of the orbit ; at a rather less distance a series of eight denticles begins, running along the arch of the rostrum, leaving a space inter- vening to the upturned apical tooth, behind which on the ventral margin there is a denticle about on a level with the foremost denticle on the upper edge ; to the rear the margin is concave, closely fringed with setules. Some specimens have a second ventral denticle. The front of the carapace has on each side a small antero-lateral tooth, a larger antennal tooth leading to a short carina at the back of which is another carinate tooth, while further back and lower down is a denticle at the end of the cervical sulcus. The telson is shorter than the uropods, apically acute, with fringes of setae and two divergent processes, about half as long as the portion of the telson from their bases to its apex. Both flagella of the first antenna are elongate, one much longer than the other. The flagellum of the second antenna attains a great length, in one specimen, not the largest, being 200 mm. long. The first joint of the mandibular palp is perfectly distinct, rather broader than long, the very large second joint is almost twice as long as the third, and in its expanded proximal half more than twice as broad. The lower lip is perfectly smooth. The palp or terminal joint of the endopod in both the first and second maxillae is com- pletely fringed on both margins with setae or spines, except for a 22 Annals of the South African Museum. small smooth interval near the apex in the second maxillae, to make up for which there is a closely packed group of spines on the surface close to the apex. The second and third maxillipeds agree with all the five pairs of peraeopods in having each a minute exopod, the smallness being in striking contrast with the great length of the endopod in the third maxillipeds and most of the following appendages. For the three chelate pairs of limbs the relations of length between the several joints may be sufficiently estimated by help of the illus- trations, as they do not appear to show anything exceptional. It may, however, be noticed that in each pair the teeth of the opposing margins are not continued even half-way along the fingers from their blunt apices. A transparent membrane shielding these mar- ginal teeth is perhaps usual in this family. The total length of the specimen dissected was 87 mm., the carapace with rostrum being 31 mm. long, the sixth pleon segment 11 mm., and the telson 12 - 5 mm. Locality. East London N W. -| N. 18 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 250-300 fathoms. Obtained by Dr. Gilchrist. No. 208. The specific name alludes to the distinctly three-jointed character of the mandibular palp. GEN. MACEOPETASMA, n. A Penaeid with long stiletto-like terminals to the petasma. Rostrum without ventral teeth. Peduncle of first antennae elongate, both flagella rather long. Flagellurn of second antennae longer than the body. Second joint of mandibular palp large but distally narrowed. Upper lip and lobes of lower lip broad. An epipod on each of the first three peraeopods, an exopod only on the first. Fourth and fifth peraeopods very slender. MACBOPETASMA AFKICANUS (Balss). Plate LXXII. 1913. Parapeneus africanus, Balss, Schultze's Forschungsreise in Siid-afrika, vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 105, text-figs. 1-6. The rostrum, which reaches just beyond the dark globular eyes, has a variable number of dorsal teeth, 12 according to Balss, 11 in a female, 8 in a male of our specimens ; at some distance behind the rostrum there is a small tooth. The sixth pleon segment -is more than twice as long as the fifth and much longer than the telson, which is very narrow, the sharply South African Crustacea. 23 pointed apex having at the base a pair of articulated spines, above which are three pairs of minute marginal spines, incon- spicuous among the plumose marginal setae. The first joint of the first antennae has a leaf-like appendage at the base, the second and third joints successively shorter, but both rather long, the flagella longer than the peduncle, the shorter one (in the male) being at the base the wider and at a little distance from the base expanding and then abruptly narrowing so as to become less wide than its longer com- panion. In the second antennae the apical tooth of the scale does not quite reach the top of the setose distal margin. The characters of the maxillae and maxillipeds are well shown by Dr. Balss ; those of the lower lip and one mandible are seen in the present plate ; the other mandible appears to have the molar process rather less strongly developed. The first three peraeopods are, as usual in this family, similar in structure, but their difference in size is here very striking, the first pair being very short and the third very long ; the first pair differs from the others in having the apparatus of little brushes of spines, serrate on both edges, situate near the base of the hand and distal end of the wrist. The figures sufficiently show the characters of the exopod and epipod attached to this pair. The fourth pair is considerably shorter than the fifth, and is sometimes difficult to observe from its tendency to fold inwards. The thelycum of the female has been figured and described by Dr. Balss. The petasma of the male appears to be exceptional by the long terminal stilets, to which the generic name alludes. These appendages are very similar to the male organs of some Isopoda, formed by adaptation of the inner branch of the second pleopods. In the present species the second pleopods have the inner ramus represented by two little folded plates with a diminutive terminal flagellum of seven joints. A female specimen, 67 mm. in length, had a carapace just over 19 mm. long, of which the rostrum took barely 7 mm. ; the fifth pleon segment was 5'5 mm. long, the sixth 12 mm., the telson 8 mm., the uropods 11 mm., the third peraeopods 25 mm., the fifth 20 mm. In the somewhat smaller male specimen from which the figures were drawn, the third peraeopods measured 18 mm. and the fifth 15 mm. Locality. Flesh Point N. | W. 2 miles (Mossel Bay, Cape Colony) ; depth 15 fathoms. A 1206. 24 Annals of the South African Museum. GEN. AEISTAEOMOEPHA, Wood-Mason & Alcock. 1891. Aristaeomorpha, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist.,. Ser. 6, vol. 8, p. 286. 1895. Plesiopeneus, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, pp. 197, 199. 1901. Aristaeomorpha (subgen.), Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 13, 38. 1908. Aristeomorpha, Bouvier, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fasc. 33, pp. 52, 53 (with synonymy). 1911. Aristeomorpha, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 6. Professor Bouvier in his account of the " Serie des Aristeae " says, " Premier article des palpes mandibulaires plus etroit et notablement plus court que le second qui est triangulaire et souvent echancre." The peculiar shape of the second joint with its dilated base is no doubt an interesting characteristic of this group, but the preceding joint is shown to be consider- ably longer, instead of notably shorter, alike in Bate's figure of this palp in his Aristeus armatus and in Bouvier's own figures of it in Hepomadus tener, Smith, and Plesiopenaeus edwardsiaims (Johnson). ARISTAEOMORPHA KOSTRIDENTATUS (Bate). 1881. Aristeus rostridentatus, Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 189. 1888. Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 221, 317, pi. 51. 1891. Aristaeomorpha rostridentata, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 8, p. 286. 1892. ,, ,, Wood - Mason, Illustrations Zool. Investigator, Crust., pi. 2, fig. 1. 1895. Plesiopeneus rostridentattis, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, pp. 196, 199. 1901. Aristaeus (Aristaeomorpha} rostridentatus, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 39. 1908. Aristeomorpha rostridentata, Bouvier, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fasc. 33, p. 56. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 6. South African Crustacea. 25 1912. Aristeomorpha rostridentata, Kemp and Sewell, Eec. Indian Mus., vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 17. The figure, natural size, in the Investigator Illustrations would do service excellently for the South African specimen, except that the latter is not quite so large, and that the last three teeth on its rostrum are more widely spaced. Alcock's description speaks of 10 or 11 carinal teeth. The figure shows only 10, and of these the penultimate is obscure ; our specimen has only 8. Bate in 1881 estimated the " flagellum of second pair of antennae about six times the length of the animal " ; in 1888 he reduces it to " about four times." In our specimen, much as in that of the Investigator, it does not exhibit so disproportionate a length, but it is imperfect. As in Bate's figure, the second joint of the mandibular palp is not so long as the first. The fourth and fifth peraeopods are remarkably slender. Length of the animal from apex of rostrum to that of telson about 5 inches or 125 mm. Bate was evidently inclined to remove this species from Aristeus, since he observes that in that genus three teeth are the almost constant armature of the rostrum, while here alone a number of small teeth arm it to the apex, and that a small tooth at the anterior extremity of the hepatic region, constant in Penaeus, is absent in Aristeus in all species except A. rostridentatus. Locality. Buffalo Eiver N. 15 miles (East London, Cape Colony) ; depth 310 fathoms. A 1294. GEN. EUSICYONIA, nom. nov. 1830. Sicyonia (preocc.), Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 19, p. 339. 1837. Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, pp. 405, 408. 1849. ,, de Haan. Crust. Japonica, decas 6, pp. 187, 189. 1888. Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 219, 292. 1895. Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 179. 1901. Eathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comrn., 1900, vol. 2, pp. 100, 103. 1906. Eathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comrn., 1903, p. 908. 1911. de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, pp. 10, 111. Milne-Edwards separated the genus from Penaeus because the pleopods have only one branch instead of two. He did not take account of the male petasma. Miss Eathbun in 1901 26 Annals of the South African Museum. uses the median dentate crest of the carapace to distinguish this genus from Penaeus, Parapenaeus, and Xiphopeneus. In 1911 de Man enumerates twenty named species, a named variety, and two unnamed species as belonging to the genus. Between some of them the distinguishing characters seem to be of slight importance. EUSICYONIA LONGICAUDA (Eathbun). Plate LXXIII. 1906. Sicyonia longicauda, Eathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 1903, p. 908, pi. 20, fig. 6. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, pp. 11, 113. The South African specimens are in clear agreement with the figure and the characters supplied by Miss Eathbun, except in an unimportant detail. The rostrum is apically bidentate, the upper tooth projecting a little beyond the lower one. The earlier description gives to the rostrum " tip oblique truncate, with three projections, a tooth between two spines." In describing the telson as having " a pair of lateral spines not far from the tip," it is not unlikely that Miss Eathbun refers to the pair of unjointed processes which occupy the position in question in our specimens. There are three pairs of microscopic spines spaced higher up, and much of the telson is fringed with plumose setae. In the first antennae the lower spine-tooth of the first joint does not nearly reach the base of the apical tooth. In the first maxilla the outer plate or palp has two setae at the inner corner of its apex, and within the outer margin has a row of seven spines on the surface. The second maxilla has three very small stumpy spines about the apex. The first pleopod shows a little wart- like piece apparently distinct from the peduncle by the side of the single ramus. The largest of the South African specimens was about 56 mm. long, the carapace with rostrum measuring 19'5 mm., the fifth pleon segment 5 mm., the sixth 8 mm., the telson 8'5 mm. The uropods were slightly shorter than the telson, both branches with rounded apices. Locality. Buffalo Eiver N. 15 miles (East London, Cape Colony) ; depth 310 fathoms. A 1219. South African Crustacea. 27 FAMILY LEUCIFEKIDAE. 1852. Sergestidae, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 601, 608 (in Penaeidea). 1852. Luciferidae, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, figs. 636, 639, 668 (in Mysidea). 1888. Sergestidae, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 219, 345 (sub-family Sergestinae, p. 345, Luciferinae, p. 443). 1896. ,, Hansen, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 937. 1905. ,, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 18, p. 208. 1914. ,, Illig, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exp., vol. 15 (Zool. 7) p. 349. 1914. Leuciferidae, Stebbing, Trans. Eoy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 284. If the right of primogeniture is admitted, the genus Lucifer is entitled to give its name to the family, having been born a year sooner than the rival claimant Sergestes. The genus itself, having been properly instituted, does not lose its privi- lege, although the name originally given to it was preoccupied, and therefore yields to another. GEN. LEUCIFER, Milne-Edwards. 1829. Lucifer, Vaughan Thompson, Zoological Researches, vol. 1, pt. 1, mem. 3, p. 68 (not Lucifer), Linn., Amoen. Acad., vol. 6, p. 70, 1760, Sherborn, nor Lucifer, Lesson, Aves, ? 1829. 1831. Latreille, Cours d'Entomologie, p. 386. 1837. Leucifer, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 467 (in Tribu des Leuciferiens). 1852. Lucifer, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 639, 668. 1880. Leucifer, Boas, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Ser. 6, vol. 1, pp. 37, 165. 1888. Lucifer, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 443-469. 1896. Leucifer, Hansen, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 937. 1903. Lucifer, Ortmann, Ergebn. Plankton Exp., vol. 2, G. b.,pp. 71, 108. 1904. Leucifer, Caiman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 13, p. 151. 1905. Lucifer, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 18, p. 208. Vaughan Thompson enlarges on the characters of the genus 28 Annals of the South African Museum. and species, but, while supplying illustrative figures of the latter, he gives it no name. Milne-Edwards, after describing the genus under an altered name, assigns to it first a new species, L. reynaudii, and then secondly distinguishes Thomp- son's species, for which he supplies the name typus, in a footnote misquoting Thompson as authority for the generic name Leucifer. Milne-Edwards speaks of his L. reynaudii as being about 4 inches long. His enlarged figure of it, however, only measures 3 inches, and a line indicating the natural size is 14 mm. long, not very greatly in excess of Dana's measure- ment for the same species. Dana adds three species to the genus L. acestra, pacificus, and acicularis. The first of these is regarded by Faxon as probably identical with L. reynaudii, and the second is made a synonym of L. typus by Bate, who says (loc. cit. p. 448): "So far as I can determine, there are only two species of Lucifer." Later Hansen states that there are four species preserved in the Copenhagen Museum. LEUCIFER TYPUS, Milne-Edwards. 1829. Lucifer, sp., Vaughan Thompson, Zool. Eesearches, vol. 1, pt. 1, Mem. 3, pp. 58, 67, pi. 7, fig. 2, the animal enlarged and natural size, parts, Ic, 2c,/l,/3, al, a2, s, e, t. 1837. Leucifer typus, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 469. 1888. Lucifer t., Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 464, pi. 83. Adult males, a little over 8 mm. long, clearly belonging to this species, were taken at the surface. Locality. Seven miles SE. from Flesh Point (Mossel Bay, Cape Colony) ; surface. A 1563. TRIBE CAEIDEA. 1852. Car-idea (part), Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 528. FAMILY CBANGONIDAE. 1853. Crangonidae, Bell, British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, p. 255. 1910. ,, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, i. [1910], p. 134. South African Crustacea. 29 GEN. SCLEEOCEANGON, G. 0. Sars. 1885. Sclerocrangon, Sars, Norske Nordhavs Exp., vol. 14, Crustacea, vol. 1, p. 14. 1886. S. I. Smith, Eep. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1885, p. 652 (48). 1895. Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 18, p. 132. 1910. ,, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1908, i. [1910] , pp. 135, 139. 1914. Crangon (Sclerocrangon), Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, pp. 62, 65. SCLEEOCEANGON BELLMAELEYI, 11. sp. Plate LXXIV. The new species is closely allied to two earlier members of the genus. The first of these was named Pontophilus jacqueti by A. Milne-Edwards in 1881, Ceraphilus agassizii by Smith in 1885, Sclerocrangon agassizii by Smith in 1886, S. jacqueti by Faxon in 1895, and more decidedly by Kemp in 1910. The name Ceraphilus was no doubt an oversight for Cheraphiius. The second allied species is Sclerocrangon procax, Faxon, 1895. In the sculpture of the carapace the new species shows general agreement with its allies, but with some differences of detail. Thus the supra-ocular teeth are not produced nearly as far as the short rostrum, the large ascendant process over the rostrum is common to both sexes, the smaller median process behind it is set more forward than in either of the other species, and so is the little marginal tooth to the rear of the large antero-lateral processes. In our specimens the pleon is without medio-dorsal carina except a faintly expressed blunt one on the sixth segment, which has its lateral carinae well marked. In these respects, however, they agree with the variety of S. jacqueti which Kemp has figured. From that species they differ in having, like S. procax, a longer second joint to the first antennae. The scale of the second antennae is narrow in S. procax, apically bifid into two processes, both figured as acute. In the other two species the scale is broad, in S. jacqueti having a normal tooth with no bifid appearance, such as is produced in the new species by a tooth with a broad base and a serrate inner margin the tip of which is on a level with the setose rounded part of the apical margin. The eyes are not very small, with no perceptible tubercle, dark red as preserved. 30 Annals of the South African Museum. The mouth organs agree fairly well with those figured by Sars for the typical species, but the mandible has the cleavage of its bifid apex more distinct or less overlapping than as shown for that species, and the vibratory fan of the second maxilla has its lower portion much broader. The middle plate of the first maxilla has six spines instead of four, and the outer border of the palp has only two setae instead of a fringe. The endopod of the first maxilliped is shorter in relation to its exopod than that figured by Sars. The large subchelate first peraeopods, the slender second with their small chela, the slender third pair with needle-like sixth and seventh joints, and the stouter fourth and fifth pairs, do not offer any striking differences from those of the allied species. Differences in the relative lengths of joints are only such as may be referred to individual variation. The first pleopods have the small inner branch distally narrowed as if to serve the purpose of a coupling apparatus, but no hooked spine could be perceived, nor is such apparatus present on any of the following pairs, Faxon says of S. procax that " the terminal segment of the inner branch of the second abdominal appendage in the male bears on its inner margin a short blunt stylamblys, which is absent in S. agassizii." I cannot see any indication of this in his figure of the second pleopod in question. In our species the inner branch is distally bilobed, the inner lobe the longer, both distally setose. The following pleopods have each a small simple inner branch, these branches in each pair set so far apart that they could not easily be coupled together. The medio-ventral spines between them appear to be characteristic of the male sex. The female specimen is 40 mm. long, and much more bulky than the male, which measured only 22 mm. in length. Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles (Natal) ; depth 440 fathoms. A 1564. The specific name is given out of respect to Mr. W. H. Bell-Marley, of Durban, to whose kindness I am indebted for various interesting specimens. The present species must, I think, be regarded as a. connecting link between S. jacqueti and S. procax. FAMILY PALAEMONIDAE. 1910. Palaemonidae, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, p. 383 (with synonymy). South African Crustacea. 31 GEN. LEANDEE, Desmarest. 1849. Leander, Desmarest, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, Ser. 2, vol. 7, pp. 87, 91. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Tr. E. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, No. 9, p. 286 (with synonymy). LEANDEE SERRIFEB, Stimpson. 1860. Leander serrifer, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. PhilacL, vol. 12, p. 41 (110). 1890. ,, ,, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbiich., vol. 5, pp. 521, 525, pi. 37, fig. 17. 1902. Palaemon s., Eathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 26, p. 52. 1902. Leander s., Doflein, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 21, pt. 3, p. 640. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 57. A single specimen, 60 mm. in length, has on the carapace ten dorsal teeth, two of which are behind the orbit. There are four ventral teeth to the rostrum, which is as long as the scale of the second antennae. The short flagelTum of the first antennae has at the base the marking of eight coalesced joints with several more than twenty joints free. In the first peraeopods the chela is much shorter than the wrist, with its fingers longer than the palm. In the second peraeopods the wrist, rather shorter than the fourth joint, is 8 mm. long, while the chela is 10 mm., of which the palm occupies 6'5 mm. Locality. Baakens Eiver, Swartkop E., Port Elizabeth (Cape Colony). A 1277. FAMILY ALPHEIDAE. 1899. Alpheidae, Coutiere, These a la Faculte des Sciences de Paris (with synonymy). GEN. OGYEIDES, nom. nov. 1860. Ogyris (preocc.), Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. 12, p. 36 (105). 1880. ,, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., 1879, p. 420. 1893. ,, Ortmann, Ergebn. Plankton Exp., vol. 2, G. b. p. 45. 32 Annals of the South African Museum. 1911. Ogyris, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 135. 1914. Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 37. Ortnaann distinguishes three species, the original 0. orientalis, Stimpson, 0. alpliaeirostris, Kingsley, in both of which the wrist of the second peraeopod is three- jointed, and his own 0. occidentalis , which has a four-jointed wrist. Dr. de Man adds 0. sibogae, which also has a quadriarticulate carpus, but only four teeth on the dorsal carina. OGYRIDES OCCIDENTALIS (Ortmann). 1893. Ogyris occidentalis, Ortmann, Ergebn. Plankton Exp., vol. 2, G. b. p. 46, pi. 3, figs. 4, 4a, d, f-i, k-s, z. Ortmann mentions that the denticles on the medio-dorsal carioa of the carapace number from seven to nine. In our specimens examined it varied from six to eight. The palp of the first maxilla has a bilobed apex, with a seta on each lobe. In the second maxilliped the third joint is much broader than the fourth, and the broad seventh joint, which is not at all finger-like, is remarkable for its size. As in the other species the long stalks of the small eyes are a notable feature. Length from apex of carapace to that of telson 15 mm. Locality. Saldanha Bay (Cape Colony) ; depth 10 fathoms. A 1298. With this species there occurred a specimen of the curious amphipod, Platyisclinopus mirabilis, Stebbing. FAMILY PASIPHAEIDAE. 1852. Pasi2)haeidae, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, pp. 532, 536. 1908. ,, Lagerberg, Goteborgs K. Vet. Handl., Ser. 4, vol. 11, p. 5. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Tr. R. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 293 (with synonymy). GEN. PARAPASIPHAE, S. I. Smith. 1884. Parapasipliae, Smith, Eep. U.S. Fish Comm., 1883, p. 383 (39). 1901. Parapasipliaea, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 58, 64. South African Crustacea. 33 1910. Parapasiphae, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, 1908, pp. 37, 47. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Tr. E. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 294. The mandibles have a slender two-jointed palp. PABAPASIPHAE SULCATIFEONS, S. I. Smith. 1884. Parapasiphae sulcatifrons, Smith, Eep. U.S. Fish Conim., 1883, p. 384 (40), pi. 5, fig. 4, pi. 6, figs. 1-7. 1886. ,, ,, Smith, Kep. U.S. Fish Comm., 1885, pp. 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 79. 1908. ,, ,, Hansen, Danish Ingolf Exp., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 79. 1910. ,, ,, Kemp, Fisheries, Ireland, 1908, p. 47, pi. 5, figs. 1-21. 1913. Parapasiphae ,, Stephensen, Meddel. om Gron- land, vol. 22, p. 48. The South African specimen agrees completely with the excellent figures and description supplied by Professor S. I. Smith, and corroborated by Mr. Stanley Kemp, who in addi- tion gives interesting information as to the development. In this species the rostrum is much shorter than in the Indian species of the genus described by Colonel Alcock. The mouth organs in this genus have several noteworthy peculiarities, such as the abrupt narrowing of the palp in the first maxillae. Our specimen measured 79 mm. in length, of which the carapace occupied 28 mm. and the telson 12-5 mm. Locality. Cape Point ENE. 36^ miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 660 fathoms. A 1255. GEN. PHYE, Wood-Mason. 1893. Phye, Wood-Mason, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 11, p. 164. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Tr. E. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 294. PHYE PACIFICUS (Eathbun). 1902. Pasipliaea pacifica, Eathbun, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 24, p. 905. 1904. ,, ,, Eathbun, Decap. Crust. NW. coast N. America, p. 20, text-figs. 2, 3. The South African specimen shows no difference of any importance from Miss Eathbun's figures and description. The front is rounded at the centre ; behind this a small 3 34 Annals of the South African Museum. forward pointing tooth rises, the upper edge of which is con- tinued in a carina almost to the end of the carapace ; the pleon is carinate from the second to the end of the sixth segment without any tooth-like extension. The sixth segment is rather longer than the furcate telson, the fork of which is fringed with 22 graduated spines. The palpless mandible has a cutting edge of 12 teeth, one of them minute, the largest double. The middle plate of the first maxilla is fringed with 13 spines, the inner plate has only armature on one corner, the palp, not abruptly narrowed, carries 8 setae. The first peraeopod has 3 spines on the inner margin of the fourth joint, the second 19 on the corresponding margin, with 7 on the margin of its second joint, of which Miss Kathbun only says that it " is armed with a small spine at the distal end of its inferior margin." Total length of specimen in median line 103 mm., the carapace accounting for 33 mm., the sixth pleon segment 13 - 5 mm., and the telson 11'5 mm. Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles (Natal) ; depth 440 fathoms. A 1254. FAMILY HIPPOLYTIDAE. 1910. Hippolytidae, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 390 (with synonymy). GEN. SAEON, Thallwitz. 1891. Saron, Thallwitz, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 14, p. 99. 1906. ,, Caiman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 17, p. 30. Caiman, in his provisional synopsis of the family Hippo- lytidae, distinguishes this genus as having arthrobranchiae at the bases of the first four pairs of peraeopods, mandibles with incisor process and palp, more than seven jointlets in the wrist of the second peraeopods, and a movable spine at the base of the second peraeopods. SARON MARMORATUS (Olivier). 1811. Palaemon marmoratus, Olivier, Encycl. Meth., vol. 8, p. 665. 1852. Hippolyte gibbosus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 565, pi. 36, fig. 4a-c. 1891. Saron gibberosus, Thallwitz, Zool. Anzeiger, vol. 14, p. 99. South African Crustacea. 35 1898. Saron marmoratus, Borradaile, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1009. 1906. Spirontocaris marmorata, Eathbun, U.S. Cornm. Fish for 1903, pt. 3, p. 913. 1914. ,, gibberosa, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 46. For this species Borradaile supplies an ample synonymy, with explanatory discussion. Miss Eathbun supplements Borradaile's reference to Olivier by giving the page, and the reference to the Atlas of the Encycl. Meth., vol. 24, pi. 319, fig. 3, 1818; but appears to be unaware of the contributions to the literature of the subject by Thallwitz and Borradaile. In 1904 Miss Eathbun enumerated no fewer than 51 species of Spirontocaris as found in the Pacific, and exhibiting great diversity in form. Since then two more species have been added to that genus by Eathbun and two by Brashnikow, if the generic name Euales, which he used for one of them, is to be considered a synonym of Spirontocaris. According to Caiman's synopsis in Spirontocaris (with several synonyms) there are no arthrobranchiae on the peraeopods, only seven jointlets in the wrist of the second peraeopods, and the man- dibular palp is two-jointed. In Saron marmoratus I find the rnandibular palp three-jointed, so that at least that species is properly withdrawn from Sinrontocaris . But, as even the numbers above mentioned do not show the complete series of species at present assigned to that genus, it may eventually pi'ove desirable to make a much more extensive redistribution of its members. The single South African, or rather South-east African, specimen exactly resembles Dana's figure in the dentation of the carapace, but in addition has many tufts of feathered setae. The mandibles have a long molar and four small distinct teeth to the cutting edge. In the first maxillae the apex of the palp is emarginate, with a strong spine on the inner corner. The vibratory plate of the second maxillae is short, the apical plate of the endopod narrow, tipped with one long and two short setae, the intermediate lobes large, but the lower small, with the upper division insignificant. In the first and second maxillipeds the exopod extends much beyond the endopod and in the second is attached to a joint compounded of the second and third joints, with the fourth and fifth joints small, the sixth and transversely attached seventh large. The long .third pair do not reach the end of the scale of the second 36 Annals of the South African Museum. antennae, carry long feathered setae, and have an exopod which does not reach the end of the antepenultimate joint. First peraeopods much stouter than second. Wrist of second peraeopods with not fewer than ten jointlets. The carapace with rostrum measures 16 mm., the remainder of the body 20 mm. Locality. Mozambique, where the specimen was obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard. A 2215. FAMILY PANDALIDAE. 1888. Pandalidae, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 480, 625. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 55, 56, 91 (with synonymy). 1902. Doflein, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 21, pt. 3, p. 615. 1904. ,, Eathbun, Harriman Alaska Exp., p. 43. 1910. ,, Caiman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, vol. 5, p. 524. 1914. Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 27. GEN. PANDALUS, Leach. 1814. Pandalus, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. 7, p. 432. PANDALUS MODESTUS, Bate. 1888. Pandalus modestus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 670, pi. 114, figs. 4, 46, k, I, I', m. Bate's 3 specimens were obtained by the "Challenger" at the Agulhas Bank, from a depth of 150 fathoms. The 3 specimens from the South African Museum are without notification of special locality. Though all imperfect, they show so many points of agreement with Bate's account that I am disposed to attribute discrepancies either to his imperfect observation or to variation within the species. Thus the only perfect carapace has 8 dorsal teeth, of which 5 with appearance of articulation are behind the orbit, the remaining 3 on the rostrum are not articu- lated; there are only two little ventral teeth, both in advance of the dorsal series. According to Bate " the frontal margin beyond the orbit has no well-defined teeth." In our specimen it has a well-marked antennal tooth, and a small antero-lateral. South African Crustacea. 37 Of the first antennae the more robust flagelluni is also the longer. The stiliform extremity of the first peraeopods appears to have an apical slit. Bate speaks of the second peraeopods as unequally long and slender. Each of our specimens has only one member of the pair, the wrist in two instances being four-jointed, in the third instance much longer and obscurely multiarticulate, thus among them agreeing with Bate's figures for this pair. The last three pairs of peraeopods are in agreement with Bate's account, except that the curved fingers, instead of only 2 teeth on the concave border, have on its proximal part a series of 4 or 5 slender spines, successively larger towards the apex. Bate says that the first pair of pleopods is single-branched. In our specimen it has a short but conspicuous inner blade. The uropods are longer than the telson, their rami nearly equal in length, the broader outer one prolonged beyond the lateral tooth in a broadly rounded apex. The narrow telson has 7 pairs of lateral spines and 2 pairs that are much longer on the irregularly truncate apex. Total length of the specimen specially examined, not quite the largest, was 23 - 5 mm., of which the carapace with rostrum occupied a little more than 7 mm. Locality uncertain. A 1280. GEN. PLESIONIKA, Bate. 1888. Plesionika, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24 ; pp. 626, 640. 1899. Parapandalus (part), Borradaile, Willey's Zool. Eesults, pt. 4, pp. 396, 411. 1901. Plesionika, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 91-94. 1910. Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, p. 392. 1914. ,, Balss, K. Ak. Wiss., Wien, Ak. Anzeiger, No. 9, p. 1. Alcock distinguishes Plesionika, in which there are epi- podites on the first four pairs of paraeopods, from Para- pandalus which has no epipodites on those limbs, with the result, as Balss points out, that Parapandalus longirostris , Borradaile, must be transferred to Plesionika. PLESIONIKA LONGIROSTRIS (Borradaile). 1899. Pandalus (Parapandalus} longirostris, Borradaile, Willey's Zool. Eesults, pt. 4, pp. 396, 413, pi. 37, figs. 10, IQa-h. 1914. Plesionika 1., Balss, K. Ak. Wiss., Wien, Ak. Anzeiger, No. 9, p. 1. 38 Annals of the South African Museum, Although a length of not more than 2 inches might be expected to distinguish our specimens from those which Dr. Willey collected in New Britain, exceeding a length of 5 inches, yet in most other respects the South African examples show very exact agreement with Borradaile's description and figures of his species. The upturned rostrum is a striking feature, being about twice the length of the trunk of the carapace in the medio-dorsal line, armed above and below with teeth, those at the base above being for the most part longer and further apart than those towards the free end. But Borradaile both in his sub-generic definition and in his description of this species speaks of movable spines, which cannot be reconciled either with his figure or with our specimens. It may be noticed indeed that Alcock omits the character from the definition of Parapandalus as restricted, and in describing Pandalus (Parapandalus} spinipes (Bate) expressly states that the serrations of the rostrum in that species are comb-like and fixed, while to Plesionika he assigns a "rostrum armed dorsally with fixed teeth and sometimes with movable teeth also." The figures of the mouth organs in Borradaile's plate are all characteristic of those in the South African specimens, except that in the cutting plate of the mandible each external tooth of the five is larger than any of the three intermediate teeth. The other member of the pair of mandibles differs a little from its fellow in having six teeth. The second maxilliped has the very short broad seventh joint more distinct than might be expected from the figure. The first peraeopods have on the distal part of the fifth joint and the proximal part of the sixth several transverse rows of short spines or stiff setules, which may perhaps be of use for cleansing the long flagella of the two pairs of antennae. The second pair of peraeopods with their small setose chela and many-jointed wrist are equal. The narrow end of the telson carries a short spine flanked by two long ones. Locality. Cape Natal, W. by N. f N. 11 miles (Natal); depth 185 fathoms. A 1272. GEN. HETEEOCAEPUS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1881. Heterocarpus, A. Milne-Edwards, .Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6, vol. 11, art. 4, p. 8. South African Crustacea. 39 1888. Herterocarpus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 480, 626, 627. 1893. Stebbing, History of Crustacea, p. 238. 1895. Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. 18, p. 148. 1901. Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 92, 102. 1912. ,, Kemp and Sewell, Eecords Indian Mus., vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 20. Bate, in describing the genus, says that the two long and slender flagella of the first antennae " both only reach a little beyond the distal extremity of the rostrum," but his figure of H. gibbosus contradicts this, and in his description of the species he states that of these flagella " the longest is nearly as long again as the rostrum." Of the nearly allied H. tri- carinatus Alcock and Anderson say that " the subequal antennulary flagella are more than three-fourths the length of the body, rostrum included." HETEROCAEPUS TRICARINATUS, Alcock and Anderson. 1894. Heterocarpus tricarinatus, Alcock and Anderson, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 83, pt. 2, p. 14 (154). 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 103, 107 ; Zool. Investigator, Crustacea, pi. 51, fig. 1. The authors distinguish this species from H. gibbosus, Bate, 1888, "by its smaller size, and by the indistinctness of the lower lateral carina, which fades completely before reaching the posterior half of the carapace." Alcock in 1901 says : "In an egg-laden female the length of the rostrum is 21 millim., of the carapace 24 millim., of the abdomen 49 millim." The rough measurements taken of our single South African speci- men agree almost to a nicety with the foregoing, thus giving in each case a total length of 3f inches. Bate gives the entire length of his species as 43 mm., but to that must evidently be added 20 mm. for the rostrum and 5 mm. for the telson, bringing the total to 68 mm.; even so, however, the small size is no doubt due to immaturity, since Alcock records an egg-laden Indian specimen measuring 156 mm. in length, thus leaving H. tricarinatus much inferior in that respect, 40 Annals of the South African Museum. though it has the more numerous dorsal spines on the rostrum and the more extensively developed flagella on the first and second antennae. In our specimen the eyes have an unusual appearance, the dark red cornea being mapped out into quadrangular areas of different sizes, an effect due to the vicissitudes of captivity and travel. The carapace has 8 teeth on the medio-dorsal carina, the hindmost 3 very small ; it has 6 on the rostrum dorsally and 8 very distinct ventrally with one or more among the setules close to the orbit. The flagella of the first antenna are elongate, distally of extreme tenuity ; the flagellum of the second antenna is considerably over 100 mm. long. The two second peraeopods are very unequal, and the fourth pair much longer than the fifth. Locality. Buffalo Eiver, N. 15 miles (East London, Cape Colony) ; depth 310 fathoms. A 1292. HETEEOCAEPUS ALPHONSI, Bate. 1888. Heterocarpus alplwnsi, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 629, 632, pi. 112, fig. 1, II, II". 1891. ,, ,, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 196. 1892. ,, ,, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 367. 1901. ,, ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Ma- crura, pp. 103, 106. From other species of the genus Alcock distinguishes this as having the third, fourth, and fifth pleon segments sharply carinate, and each prolonged into a backward pointing tooth, the other pleon segments not carinate, the sixth not twice as long as the fifth and shorter than the telson. Length of the South African specimen from tip of the long slender rostrum to end of telson about 5 inches. The rostrum has 11 teeth on the lower edge, above 9 teeth are spaced along the rostrum on to the body of the carapace. Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles (Natal) ; depth 440 fathoms. A 1291. HETEEOCAEPUS LAEVIGATUS, Bate. 1888. Heterocarpus laevigatus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 636, pi. 112, fig. 3. South African Crustacea. 41 1899. Heterocarpus laevigatus, Alcock and Anderson, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 285; Illustrations, Investigator, pi. 41, figs. 1, la. 1901. ,, ,, Alcock, Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 103, 105. Alcock's figure of this species differs from that given by Bate in having more numerous ventral teeth to the long upward pointing rostrum. The two agree in having the fore- most of the five teeth on the medio-dorsal carina in advance of the eye. In the South African specimen that tooth is over the eye not in advance of it ; and the ventral teeth of the rostrum are ten in number. According to Alcock and Ander- son "the under margin of the rostrum is armed with eleven to thirteen teeth." Locality. East London NW. | N. 20 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 408 fathoms. A 1295. GEN. CHLOROTOCUS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1882. Chlorotocus, A. Milne-Edwards, Eapport Cornm. pour la faune sous marine, p. 18. 1883. ,, A. Milne-Edwards, Eecueil figs. Crust. Nouv., pi. 16. 1888. ? Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 627, 673. 1901. ,, Alcock, Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 92, 100. 1902. ,, de Man, Abhandl. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellschaft, vol. 25, pt. 3, p. 856. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 33. Prom the other Pandalidae this genus is distinguished by having the wrist of the second peraeopods only bipartite. The first peraeopods are simple. For the single South African specimen which Bate assigned to this genus as C. incertus, he figured and described the palp of the mandible as two-jointed, and in place of a dentate cutting edge represented a sort of stiletto. On each side of the rostrum he gave an orbital tooth, but no antero-lateral tooth below. Also, according to Alcock, the branchial formula which he gives does not conform with that of the type-species, C. gracilipes, at least as represented by the variety anda- 42 Annals of the South African Museum. mancnsis. Bate also mentions the presence of an ocellus, of which Alcock says the eye is devoid. CHLOEOTOCUS CRASSICORNIS (A. Costa). Plate LXXV. 1871. Pandalus crassicornis, A. Costa, Annuario Mus. Zool. E. Univ. Napoli, Ann. 6, p. 89, pi. 2, fig. 2. 1882. Chlorotocus gracilipes, A. Milne-Edwards, Archiv. Missions scient. litter. (3), vol. 9 (Senna), p. 18 (Bate). 1883. ,, ,, A. Milne-Edwards, Recueil figs. Crus- tac6s, pi. 16. 1885. ,, ,, Carus, Prodromus faunae Mediter- raneae, vol. 1, p. 474, and Pan- dalus crassicornis, p. 477. 1888. Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24 pp. 674, 681. 1904. ,, crassicornis, Senna, Annuario Mus. Zool. E. Univ. Napoli, n. ser., vol. 1, No. 18, pp. 1-3, fig. 1 (with synonymy). 1914. ,, gracilipes, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 33. The carapace has 11 or 12 dorsal teeth, 4 behind the orbit, the rest on the rostrum, which beyond the eye has 5 ventral teeth ; on each side of the rostrum there is an orbital tooth and an antero-iateral tooth below. The telson has five pairs of dorso-lateral spines, the last pair adjoining the abruptly narrowed apex, which is flanked by a pair of much longer spines and bordered with long setae. The fifth pleon segment has no postero-lateral tooth ; the sixth is dorsally spinulose between two sharp points. The eye shows no ocellus. The mandibular palp is dis- tinctly three-jointed ; one cutting-plate has six, the other five teeth. The widely divergent lobes of the lower lip have little sharp tips. The ernarginate palp of the first maxillae is tipped with several setae. The second and third joints of the second maxillipeds are coalesced, with only a small notch in the margin. Other mouth organs agree fairly with those figured by Bate for C. incertus. The first peraeopods are very setose, and on the surface of the simple seventh joint have many rows of microscopic spinules. In the second peraeopods the "chelae are, for a Pandaloid, large," as Alcock observes, South African Crustacea. 43 while for G. incertus this point is not noticed. The third peraeopod is longer than the fifth. The larger specimen, a female with eggs, measured 58 mm., the smaller, from which the figures were drawn, was about 40 mm. in length. Localities. Cape Point NE. by E. 6 miles (Cape Colony) ; depth 80 fathoms. A 1269 ; and Cape Natal W. by N. f N. 11 miles (Natal) ; depth 185 fathoms. A 1271. Two opposite questions suggest themselves, one, whether G . incertus may not be a synonym of C. crassicornis, the other, whether, if correctly described, they should not be assigned to different genera. FAMILY NEMATOCAKCINIDAE. 1888. Nemaiocarcinidae, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. xiii, 809, 927. 1914. Stebbing, Tr. Eoy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 296 (with synonymy). GEN. NEMATOCARCINUS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1881. Nematocarcinus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., Ser. 6, vol. 11, art. 4, p. 14. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 297 (with synonymy). 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 22. This genus is well fitted to excite wonder at the length and tenuity of the flagella in both pairs of antennae and of the three median joints in the last three pairs of peraeopods. Admiration, however, may well be tinged with disappointment when the student finds that, owing to these very characters, all his specimens are mutilated. In the present collection not a single example could be found with the third peraeopod complete, the fourth and fifth pairs offering respectively no more than two and three perfect limbs. Similarly, the more or less elongate rostrum, scarcely ever absolutely uninjured, is often seriously damaged or broken short off at the base. Spence Bate, who uses the length of the rostrum and its denticulation to justify a variety of specific distinctions, in his discussion of N. productus practically admits that the criterion is untrustworthy. For two species, N. undulatipes and N. tenuirostris, Bate gives the character that the finger in the 44 Annals of the South African Museum. third and fourth peraeopods (or one of them) is undulated. This would separate the former from N. cursor, A. Milne- Edwards, with which Alcock in 1901 suggests its identity. Alcock in the same year refers to the close affinity between Bate's N. tcnuipes and the same author's N. tenuirostris. But in redescribing the latter he makes no mention of undulated fingers, while of N. tenuipes Bate expressly says that the fingers are straight. Between his N. lanceopcs and his N. longirostris Bate draws the distinction that in the former the eggs are large and oval, but in the latter small and round. Whether the eggs observed were at the same stage of development he does not state. In this genus the large size of the second joint in the second maxillipeds may be worthy of notice, though much the same character occurs in neigh- bouring families. Specimens, differing much in bulk, all from considerable depths, and all from the same area of the South African waters, have been sent from the following stations : 1. Cape Point N. 81 E. 32 miles; depth 460 fathoms. A 1312. No. 180. 2. Cape Point E. by N. N. 34 miles ; depth 480-600 fathoms. A 1242. 3. Cape Point NE. f E. 6 miles; depth 600 fathoms. A 1287. 4. Cape Point Lighthouse N. 2| E. 36 miles ; depth 600 fathoms. No. 179. 5. Cape Point Lighthouse NE. f E. 36 miles; depth 600 fathoms. No. 200. 6. Cape Point N. 89 E. 36 miles; depth 700 fathoms. A 1243. 7. Cape Point NE. by E. |E. 43 miles ; depth 900 fathoms. A 1229. 8. Cape Point N. 58 E. 49 miles; depth 900 fathoms. A 1290. A specimen which has come to light from a ninth station must be reserved for discussion at a future opportunity. NEMATOCABCINUS LANCEOPES, Bate. 1888. Nematocarcinus lanceopes, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 804, pi. 131. 1914. Stebbing, Tr. Eoy. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, pt. 2, p. 298, pi. 32b. South African Crustacea. 45 In using the above specific name for the present collection I must confess that it is only adopted after long deliberation as a counsel of despair. Some of the specimens have a length of 7 inches, retaining as preserved and while shielded from light a deep red colour. A specimen from No. 7 in the list of stations given above has the following dimensions : total length 175 mm., of which the carapace with rostrum accounts for 75 mm. and the telson for 21-9 mm. The rostrum from the base of the orbit is nearly 41 mm. long ; the dorsal teeth are 30 in number, 7 of them behind the base of the orbit, the foremost 3 widely spaced, ventral teeth 3, widely spaced, the ventral margin as usual setulose. The sixth pleon segment is of the same length as the telson, the fifth peraeopod 109 mm. long. The finger of this limb is much shorter than that of the fourth pair, but broader at the base, triangular with a setule at the tip, surrounded as in the preceding pair by long setae finely fringed, some of them more conspicuously armed near the base. Neither in this nor in any other specimen is the third pleon segment dorsally extended into an acute point. Only two specimens in the collection are carrying ova, each being an example of very large size, with very long rostrum, the length of it conjectural in one case but easily inferred from companion specimens. In each instance the eggs are abundant, not round but decidedly oval, yet curiously differing in size and other respects. Those of the larger pattern are from the smaller depth of 460 fathoms, the smaller from the depth of 600 fathoms (No. 4 in the list). It is interesting to compare these forms with that which Mr. Stanley Kemp has figured and described in 1910 (Fisheries, Ireland, p. 79, pi. 9, figs. 9, 10), extracted from an egg of " Nematocarcinus ensifer, var. exilis, Spence Bate." Mr. Kemp says: " The chief features of this larva are the long, sharp, downwardly curved rostrum and an obtuse angle in the posterior third of the third abdominal somite. The telson (Fig. 10) is apically emarginate and bears seven pairs of plumose setae. The mandibles, maxillae, and maxillipedes are present, but no pleopods or pereiopods are developed." Presumably my figures show an earlier stage of development, as there is a nauplian eye, no rostrum, but on the other hand there appears a small plate tipped with a seta and indicative of the coming uropods (the Figs. A, B, C are from station No. 179, D, E from No. 180. The telson, Fig. C, is more highly magnified than the telson, Fig. E). 46 Annals of the South African Museum. Specimens from the third, fifth, and eighth stations are all of comparatively small size and have reddish brown eyes, while in specimens from the other stations, whether large or small, the eyes are black. A specimen from the third station, with the rostrum perfect, shows that arrangement of its den- ticulation which Bate describes and figures for his Japanese species N. longirostris, the dorsal teeth very numerous, to the rear closely packed, but widely separated forward, where they are accompanied by five ventral teeth. This specimen was Ovum, and larvae from ova of Nematocarcinus, sp. 83 mm. in total length, the carapace 34 mm., inclusive of the rostrum, which measured 18 mm. Another specimen with carapace 30 mm. long has a rostrum 14 mm. in length. This specimen also has five ventral teeth, the dorsal numbering 36. A specimen from the eighth station has a carapace 32 mm. long, of which only 12 mm. belong to the rostrum. The dorsal teeth are 19, the tooth most to the rear being clearly separate from the 8 immediately in advance of it. There are 4 ventral teeth nearly corresponding in position to the South African Crustacea. 47 4 anterior dorsal teeth behind the foremost dorsal tooth. The antennal tooth and the antero-lateral tooth of the carapace are acute and conspicuous, but this seems to be a character common to the South African specimens. The telson agrees in length with the rostrum . Another specimen from the same station, measuring 81 mm., has a carapace 28 mm. long, with rostrum 10 mm., dorsal teeth 28, and no ventral teeth. In the mouth organs of different specimens there do not appear to be variations on which any reliance can be placed for specific discrimination. The Epicaridean parasite here figured, with a specific name alluding to the genus of its host, was lodged among the anterior pleopods of a large specimen taken at Station A 1229. The parasite itself has the characters of a genus very clearly described by Professor Sars in his Crustacea Hemiarthrus ncmatocarcini, n. sp. of Norway (vol. 2) under the preoccupied name Phryxus. For this Giard and Bonnier substituted the name Hemiar- thrus, rather unfortunately as the closely similar name Hemiarthrum had already been used. The male of the new species is distinguished from that of H. abdominalis (Kroyer) by the very different shape of its oval pleon. On its first extraction from an apparently symmetrical situation the female may well excite surprise by its extremely lop- sided structure, but Sars has explained that " the parasite is always found to be firmly attached by the aid of the one series of legs to the basal part of one of the anterior pleopods of its host, sometimes the right, sometimes the left, and the distortion of the body to the one or the other side depends on this mode of attachment " (Crustacea of Norway, vol. 2, p. 217). Nevertheless, the distortion, which is so adequately explained 48 Annals of the South African Museum. when a Bopyrid is lodged in the cheek-piece of a prawn, seems far less natural when its residence is between the pleopods, unless inherited from an ancestry differently located. Cryptione elongatus, Hansen, was described in 1897 from the branchial cavity of Nematocarcinus agassizii, Faxon, and quite recently Mr. K. H. Barnard has described Zonophryxns quinquedens, n. sp., found in company with an unnamed South African species of Nematocarcinus. FAMILY ATYIDAE. 1879. Atyidae, Kingsley, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad., p. 414. GEN. CAEIDINA, Milne-Edwards. 1837. Caridina, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 362. 1910. Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 393 (with synonymy). 1912. Lenz, Arkiv for Zoologi, vol. 7, No. 29, p. 4. 1913. ,, Bouvier, Tr. Linn. Soc. London, Ser. 2 Zool., vol. 15, pt. 4, p. 447. CAKIDINA NILOTICUS (Eoux). 1833. Pelias niloticus, Eoux, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, p. 73, pi. 7. 1908. Caridina nilotica, de Man, Eecords Indian Mus., vol. 2, pp. 255, 262, 263. 1910. ,, ,, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 394. To judge by the elaborate researches of Dr. de Man and Professor Bouvier the species of Caridina are capable of yield- ing an endless number of variations. Professor Bouvier has patiently dealt with hundreds, nay, thousands, of specimens. With seven specimens at my disposal from a single locality, it may be interesting to give details as to the rostrum in each. The first examined excited attention by a feature which did not recur in any of the others, namely, by having three dorsal teeth lying closely in succession behind the apex ; they were separated by a long smooth interval from the series of 17 dorsal teeth, of which 2 are behind the orbit; 10 ventral teeth form a series beginning some way in front of the eyes and ending in advance of the dorsal row but at some distance from South African Crustacea. 49 the apex. The second specimen showed 21 dorsal teeth in series, 1 after a long interval, and still another after a shorter interval lying close to the apex, the first and second dorsal teeth were behind the orbit, the twenty-first just behind the foremost of the 10 ventral teeth. A third specimen bore 17 teeth in dorsal series, 3 of them behind the orbit, a single tooth after a long interval, and after a short interval 1 tooth near the apex ; the ventral teeth were 14, the foremost almost under the single dorsal tooth following the long interval. The fourth specimen, a female with eggs, had 16 dorsal teeth, 2 of them behind the orbit, then a very long interval followed by 2 teeth close to the apex, the 14 ventral teeth reaching much beyond the dorsal series, but not nearly to the apex. The fifth specimen, also a female with eggs, had 17 dorsal teeth followed at a long interval by 2 at the apex, which was approached at a shorter interval by the 13 ventral teeth. The sixth specimen, a small one, had 18 dorsal teeth, of which the foremost was slightly more distant from its neighbour than the others and followed at a long interval by 2 at the apex, with 12 ventral teeth also distant from the apex. The seventh specimen differs much from the others, having a series of 6 teeth, 3 of them behind the orbit, followed at a short distance by a series of 3 ending a little in advance of the eyes, all the rest of the rostrum being devoid of teeth, except a minute group below the apex. This is perhaps a monstrosity rather than a variation. The first specimen measured 24-5 mm. in length ; the apex of the telson carried 7 long spines, 3 on one side and 4 on the other of the minute central point, flanked by a short pair of lateral spines, a similar pair a little higher up being unsymmetrically placed. That one of the named varieties may claim these specimens for its own is not unlikely. Locality. Vaal Eiver at Parys (Orange Free State). Col- lected by Mr. H. A. Fry. 1471. FAMILY STYLODACTYLIDAE. 1880. Stylodactylidae, Bate, Kep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 481, 850. 1902. de Man, Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Gesells., vol. 25, p. 897. 4 50 Annals of the South African Museum. 1906. Stylodactylidae, Rathbun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, p. 927. 1907. Borradaile, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 19, p. 466 ; Stylodactyloida, pp. 467, 471. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer, Ak. Wiss., Suppl. vol. 2, pt. 10, p. 26. In tbis family remarkable characters are furnished by the second maxillipeds and the first two pairs of peraeopods. According to Bate the second maxilliped " terminates in two branches, subequal in size and importance," though his figure qualifies the subequality by showing one branch nearly twice as long as the other. From his specific descriptions it is evident that be regarded both branches as representing the seventh joint. Borradaile takes a different view, assigning to this family " second maxillipeds with the sixth and seventh joints articulating separately on fifth." Against this explana- tion it may be urged that the short curved joint which follows the long third joint has the appearance of being actually representative of the fifth joint. Bate speaks of it as "analogous to the carpos." But if the third joint be in reality composite, ischium and merus in one, the following joint will be the true fifth. Whatever their numerical posi- tion, the two terminal branches are very anomalous. Dr. Caiman has suggested to me that the smaller branch may be a process of the sixth joint which has become movable, like the thumb of the first peraeopod in the genus Psalidopus, Wood-Mason. In the first and second peraeopod the palm has dwindled to the shortest span, and the long slender setose fingers lie so closely one upon the other that the ordinary function of chelae as grasping organs seems almost out of the question. GEN. STYLODACTYLUS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1881. Stylodactylus , A. M.-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6, vol. 11, art. 4, p. 11. 1888. ,, Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 481, 850. Milne-Edwards established the genus for a single species, S. serratus, though giving precedence in 1883 to another species, S. rectirostris, on Plate 35 of his " Eecueil de Figures de Crustaces Nouveaux ou peu connus," S. serratus being South African Crustacea. 51 figured on the following, Plate 35a. Bate in 1888 added S. discissipes, S. orientalis, and S. bimaxillaris, in the first and third directing attention by the specific names to the most notable characters of the family. The grounds assigned for separating S. orientalis from S. discissipes can scarcely be accepted as adequate. In 1902 de Man describes a very young specimen, related to S. bimaxillaris, under the provisional name of S. amarynthis. There are thus six nominal species in the genus, if we include S. rectirostris, which has been overlooked since its institution. The figures very clearly differentiate it from S. serratiis. The rostrum shows 37 teeth above and 7 below in addition to a tooth close to the base ; the first peraeopod has the wrist or fifth joint longer than that of the second peraeopod, and the telson is only about twice as long as broad, with a blunt apex. In S. serratus the rostrum shows 36 teeth above, 27 below, without tooth close to the base ; the second peraeopods decidedly longer than the first, the wrist and fingers contributing to this superiority in a marked degree ; the telson more than thrice as long as broad, with apex acute. STYLODACTYLUS SEEEATUS, A. Milne-Edwards. Plate LXXVI. 1881. Stylodactylus serratus, A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 6, vol. 11, art. 4, p. 11. 1883. ,, ,, A. Milne-Edwards, Eecueil figs. Crust. Nouv., pi. 35a. 1888. Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 853. The South African specimens appear essentially to agree with the descriptions and figures given by A. Milne-Edwards, except that the wrist of the second peraeopods does not differ in length from that of the first pair, although the fingers are much longer. These fingers are quite straight, strongly setose, the apex not acute. In the preserved condition they are resilient, upon separation springing back into position, one overlapping the other so as to look like a single joint. On these limbs and some other parts the long setae, instead of being finely and continuously plumose, have spicules discontinuously projecting at various angles on different lines. 52 Annals of the South African Museum. A specimen with rostrum and telson practically complete measured 52 mm., rostrum 13 mm., carapace with rostrum 23 mm., pleon 29 mm., of which the telson accounted for 7 mm. Here the upper carina carried 34 teeth and the lower margin of the rostrum 17. The length of the telson is more than thrice its greatest breadth ; dorsally there is a small group of setae near the base ; 6 pairs of spines are spaced to the place whence the sides abruptly converge to form a pointed apex flanked by a short pair of spines, with a longer pair out- side them, one of the pair in our specimen abnormally shorter than the other. The eyes are of moderate size, as preserved reddish brown, with the pigment broken up into irregular compartments. In Milne-Edwards' account the eyes are small, but he adds that they are in contact on the median line, which would imply some tumidity. To the first antennae he attributes a little pointed scale, but his figure shows that this stylocerite, as Bate calls it, is at least as long as the joint of which it forms a part ; the flagella are very unequal. The scale of the second antennae has the smooth margin somewhat concave, with the distal tooth reaching beyond the narrowed apical margin. As the figures show, the denticulation of the mandibles is not absolutely identical in the two members of the pair or in different specimens of the same species. According to Bate the palp or outer branch of the first maxillae is bifid at the extremity ; in our species the extremity is only faintly emarginate, with a strong seta at the inner corner, three slighter setae at the outer, and a curved surface spine below the apex. The vibratory apparatus of the second maxillae carries very long setae on the lower end which is narrower than the upper. The second maxillipeds have the terminal joints as represented by Milne-Edwards, the longer but narrower plate attached near the inner margin of the pre- ceding joint, but partly overlapping the attachment of the shorter and broader plate ; both are beset with masses of curved plumose setae alike from their own margins and surfaces and from the preceding joint, which contains muscles directed to each of the plates. Third peraeopods stouter than fourth or fifth, fingers small, with dentate inner margin. The outer branch of the uropods has a sinuous diaeresis South African Crustacea. 53 leading to a tooth on the outer margin, this tooth partially overlapping a stout spine. The specimen figured is an ovigerous female, measuring by allowance for the imperfect rostrum about 3 inches or 75 mm. Locality. Buffalo Eiver NW. ^ W. 19 miles (East London, Cape Colony) ; depth 300 fathoms. A 1284. (54) INDEX. PAGE abdominalis (Hemiarthrus) 47 affinis (Penaeopsis) 16 africanus (Macropetasma), pi. 72... 22 af ricanus (Parapenaeus) 22 agassizii (Nematocarcinus) 48 alcocki (Calocaris) 10 Alpheiclae 31 alphonsi (Heterocarpus) 40 amarynthis (Stylodactylus) 51 Aristaeomorpha 24 Atyidae 48 Axiidae 9 balssi (Pomatocheles), pi. 65 3 barnardi (Calocaris), pi. 66 9 beaumontii (Pentacheles) 11 bellmarleyi (Sclerocrangon), pi. 74 29 Benthesicymus 21 bimaxillaris (Stylodactylus) 51 Calocaris 9 canaliculatus (Penaeus) 13 Caridea 28 Caridina 48 carinatus (Eusicyonia) 21 Chlorotocus 41 Crangonidae 28 crassicornis (Chlorotocus), pi. 75 ... 42 crassicornis (Pandalus) 42 Cryptione 48 discissipes (Stylodactylus) 51 dispersus (Galathea) 5 elongatus (Cryptione) 48 ensifer (Nematocarcinus) 45 Eryonidae 10 Eryonidea 10 Eusicyonia 25 fissurus (Parapenaeus), pi. 69 19 Galathea 5 Galatheidae 5 Galatheidea 5 Gennadas 12 gilli (Mixtopagurus) 2 gracilipes (Chlorotocus) 42 granulatus (Pentacheles) 11 PAGE Haliporoides 20 Haliporus 20 Hemiarthrus 47 Heterocarpus 38 Hippolytidae 34 investigatoris (Benthesicymus) 21 jacqueti (Sclerocrangon) 29 japonicus (Penaeus) 12 Jeffrey sii (Pomatocheles) 2 kempi (Gennadas) 12 labidoleptus (Galathea) 5 laevigatus (Heterocarpus) 40 lanceopes (Nematocarcinus), text- figures 44 Leander 31 Leucif er 27 Leuciferidae 27 longicauda (Eusicyonia), pi. 73 26 longirostris (Munidopsis) 8 longirostris (Nematocarcinus) 44 longirostris (Parapandalus) 37 longirostris (Plesionika) 37 Macropetasma 22 marmoratus (Saron) 34 Metapeneus 15 mirabilis (Platyischnopus) 32 Mixtopagurus 3 modestus (Pandalus) 36 Munidopsis 6 nematocarcini (Hemiarthrus), text- figures 47 Nematocarcinidae 43 Nematocarcinus 43 niloticus (Caridina) 48 occidentalis (Ogyrides) 32 Ogyrides 31 Ogyris 31 orientalis (Stylodactylus) 51 pacificus (Phye) 33 Paguridea 2 Palaemonidae . 30 Index. 55 PAGE Pandalidae 36 Pandalus 36 paradoxus (Pomatocheles) 3 Parapaguridae 2 Parapandalus 37 Parapasiphae 32 Parapenaeus 18 Pasiphaeidae 32 Penaeidae 11 Penaeidea 11 Penaeopsis 15 Penaeus 12 Pentacheles 11 Ph ryxus 47 Phye 33 Platyischnopus . . . .-. 32 Plesionika 37 Pomatocheles 3 Pomatochelidae 2 procax (Sclerocrangon) 29 pulchricaudatus (Penaeus), pi. 67... 14 Pylocheles 2 Py lochelidae 2 quinquedens (Zonophryxus) 48 quinquedentatus (Penaeopsis) 15 PAGE rectirostris (Stylodactylus) 50 rostriclentatus (Aristaeomorpha) ... 24 rostridentatus ( Aristeus) 24 Saron 34 Sclerocrangon 29 serratus (Stylodactylus), pi. 76 51 serrifer (Leander) 31 sibogae (Haliporus) 21 Sicyonia 25 simplex (Galathodes) 7 simplex ( Munidopsis) 7 spinosus (Pomatocheles) 2 spinulicauda (Penaeopsis), pi. 68 ... 17 Spirontocaris 35 Stylodactylidae 49 Stylodactylus 50 sulcatifrons (Parapasiphae) 33 tenuipes (Neniatocarcinus) 44 Thalassinidea 8 triarthrus (Haliporoides), pis. 70, 71 21 tricarinatus (Heterocarpus) 39 typus (Leucifer) 28 Zonophryxus 48 PLATE I. (Crustacea, Plate LXV.) Pomatocheles balssi, n. sp. cT . Dorsal view of male specimen magnified, the telson folded out of sight. T., urp. Dorsal view of telson and uropods. This figure and the peraeopods on the same scale as the full figure, the rest more highly magnified. a.s., a.i. The first and second antennae, flagellum of the second incomplete. m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 3. Mandible, first and second maxillae, and third maxilliped. prp. 1,1,2,5. Both members of the first pair in their relative positions, but the inner side of the large left cheliped is shown and the outer of the smaller right- hand one. The peraeopod marked prp. 2 is open to a little doubt, as, besides being detached, it was the only one present of the three inter- mediate peraeopods, and may therefore be the third ; the fifth peraeopod was in position when received. pip. 1, 2. The first pair of pleopods and one member of the second pair. Ann. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.XV Crustacea Plate LXV. Plate I. plp , Del . T.R.R. SteVbiTig . West.Newman lith- POMATOCHELES BALSSI n.sp. PLATE II. (Crustacea, Plate LXVI.) Calocaris barnardi, n. sp. n.s. A specimen in lateral view, natural size, and the same without appendages in dorsal view below ; the rostrum and eye in lateral view above, magnified. a.s., a.i. The first and second antennae; only a small portion of the fiagellum of the latter shown, the antepenultimate joint of its peduncle more highly magnified. m., mx. 1, mx. 1 p., mx. 2. Mandible, with palp detached, first maxilla, with higher magnification of spines, palp of the other mx. 1 more highly magnified; second maxilla on a higher scale of magnification. mxp. 1, 2, 3. First, second, and third niaxillipeds. prp. 1, 2. First and second peraeopods, with higher magnification of the apex of the movable finger of the second. pip. 1. The first pair of pleopods, with apex more highly magnified. Ann . S. Afr. Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXVI. Plate II. m CALO CARTS BARNARD I, n.sp. PLATE III. (Crustacea, Plate LXVII.) Penaeus pulchricaudatus, n. sp. car. Carapace in lateral view. T. Telson in dorsal view, with much higher enlargement of the distal portion. mx. 1. First maxilla with terminal joints much more enlarged. mx. 2. Only the apical plate of the second maxilla, on the higher scale. mxp. 2. The second maxilliped, with higher enlargement of the three distal joints. prps. 1-5. The five peraeopods, the first with higher enlargement of the second and third joints and the exopod ; the second with further enlargement of second joint and exopod ; basal joints of fourth and fifth on the higher scale, with the adjoining ventral processes. urp. One of the uropods. Ann . S . Af P. Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXVIl ate III. Del.T.R.H.Sbe'bbing. West, Newman lith. PE3SLZEUS PUIjCHRICATJDATUS n.sp. PLATE IV. (Crustacea, Plate LXVIII.) Penaeopsis spiinilicauda, n. sp. car. Part of carapace in lateral view. T. Telson in dorsal view. a.s. First antenna. p.m. Palp of mandible. mx. 1. First maxilla, with much higher magnification of terminal joints (the palp). mx. 2. Second maxilla, with much higher magnification of the lobes and terminal joint. mxp. 1. First maxilliped, with much higher magnification of intermediate joints of the endopod. mxp. 2. Second maxilliped. pip. 1. First pleopod with the petasma, with much higher magnification of the proximal and distal ends of one of its members. pip. 2. Second pleopod. The various parts are drawn to a uniform scale, with the higher magnifications also uniform. Ann . S . Afp. Mu s . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXV11I. Plate IV. 2. V'7' *> mxp.2. r~ \ X^H (f P. '\V ; ^ f-^*: %^y / ,-f & $ > (A. ' plp.l. Del : ' -bing. su.s. pip West.He-wman lith. 'LICAUDA n.sp. PLATE V. (Crustacea, Plate LXIX.) Parapenaeus fissurus (Bate). n.s. Specimen in lateral view, natural size, flagellumof second antennae imperfect. car. Carapace of a smaller specimen detached, to show more clearly the teeth and the fissures, with higher magnification of distal portion of the rostrum. T. The telson much enlarged, a.s. First antenna. m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Mandibles, first and second maxillae, first maxilliped, with higher magnification of the palp or apical joint of the first maxilla, and still higher of the apex in the second maxilla and the base of the flagellar portion of the first maxilliped. Ann . S. Afp.-Mus. Vol. XV. Crustacea Plate LXIX Plate V. Del.T.RR.Steb"bing. West,Newman lith. PARAPENJEUS F1SSURUS (Bate) PLATE VI. (Crustacea, Plate LXX.) Haliporoides triarthrus, n. g. et sp. n.s. Lateral view of specimen figured above, natural size. car. Much enlarged view of the carapace. T. Apical part of the telson. m. Mandible. prp. 1. Wrist and chela of first peraeopod. ustacea Plate Ann. S. Afp.Mus.Vol.XV. Plate VI. -'~-~ j ->v,,./ ----,-. <=^? ^'^^'.\. prp.l. Eel. T.RR.Stet'bin.g. West, Newman Hth. HALIPOROIDES TRIARTHRUS ngetsp. PLATE VII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXI.) Haliporoides triarthrux, n. g. et sp. l.i. Lower lip. mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxillae, with higher magnification of the apex of the endopod of the second. mxp. 1, 2, 3. First, second, and third maxillipeds, with exopod of the second more highly magnified. prp. 1, 2, 3. First, second, and third peraeopods, with apices of the fingers of the third pair more highly magnified. Crustacea Ann. S.Afr.Mu.s.Vol.XV. s^e LZ\ Plate VII ^ ppp.3. :n /// mx.l. Del.T.R.R.Stebting lith. HALIPOROIDES TH.IARTHRUS n.g.et sp. PLATE VIII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXII.) Macropetasma africanus (Balss). r. Rostrum and part of carapace. T. Telson, with apex more highly magnified. m., I.e. Mandible and lower lip. prp. 1. First peraeopod, with higher magnification of the epipod, the exopod, chela and part of fifth joint. prp. 4, prp. 5, sp., sp. Fourth peraeopods, one of the pair in its partially folded position, and fifth peraeopods with spermatophores. pip. 1, pip. 2, pet. First pair of pleopods with the petasma, part of which is more highly magnified, and second pleopods, omitting the outer ramus of one member, the vestigial ramus more and more highly magnified. Crustacea Plate LXXII. Plate VIII. m. Ann. S. Afr. MiiB.Vol. XV. Wes'.,^ i .wrnari lith. MA'. PLATE IX. (Crustacea, Plate LXXIII.) Eusicyonia longieauda (Kathbun). car. Carapace in lateral view, incomplete. T. T elson in dorsal view. a.s., a.i. First antenna and scale of second. ra., m.p., m. Mandible with the palp detached, the other mandible with its palp oblique. l.i. Lower lip. mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxillae, the first incomplete, each with the apical plate more highly magnified. mxp. 1, mxp. 2. First and second maxillipeds. th. Thelycum. pip. 1. First pleopod. Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate L3 Plate IX. : * \ \' i I K (. '(( . \ \ 5iV - , i < 11 A Mir , l v '',<,,; If -''S .'-* ' / ? V i v , 1! Del.T.R.R.Steobing mxp.l. West, Newman lith. EUSIGYONIA LONOICAUDA (Rathbun,) PLATE X. (Crustacea, Plate LXXIV.) Sclerocrangon bellmarleyi, n. sp. n.s. . Lateral view of a female specimen, natural size. car. c? , urp., T. Carapace of male specimen, flattened out; one of the uropods, and the telson in dorsal view ; these figures to the same scale, less highly magnified than the following, but all alike taken from the male specimen. a.s., a.i. The first and second antennae, the flagellum of the second missing. m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. 1, mxp. 2. Mandible, first and second maxillae, and first and second maxillipeds. mxp. :-}. Third maxilliped, ending with base of the penultimate joint. pip. 2. 8econd pleopod, with still higher magnification of the inner branch. n.S.Afr.Mu XV. CPUS' ,e LXXIV. Plate X. \tf / ; ?!' Del . r : West.Newinar Jitli. SCLEROCRANGON BELLMARLEYI n.sp. PLATE XL (Crustacea, Plate LXXV.) ChlorotocuK crassicornix, A. Costa. car. Part of carapace in lateral view. T. Telson in dorsal view, oc. One of the eyes. m., m. One mandible complete, with higher magnification of its molar's apical border, the same magnification being used for the cutting edge and molar apex of the other mandible. l.i., mx. 1, mxp. 2. Lower lip. first maxilla and second maxilliped on the same scale as the whole mandible. prp. 1, prp. 2. First and second peraeopods, on the same scale as the telson, parts more highly magnified, on the same scale as the whole mandible. Ann . S. Afp. Mus.Vol . XV. u.stacea Plate =,te XL \ & \rj y W- Del. T.R.R.Stet'bmg. West, Newman lith. CHLOROTOCUS CRAS 4- Cost PLATE XII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXVI.) Stylodactylus serratus, A. Milne-Edwards. n.A. ? . Lateral view of female specimen, natural size, rostrum imperfect. car. Carapace of a smaller specimen, magnified; tip of the rostrum still more enlarged. T. Dorsal view of telson from the smaller specimen, with distal portion more enlarged ; the fellow to the long spine on the left is imperfectly developed. m., m., m. Mandibles, the uppermost figure from the female specimen, the other two from the smaller specimen. prp. 1, prp. '2. The first peraeopod and distal part of the second, from the female specimen. Ann . S . Af r . Mu s . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXXVI. Plate 1 t \. \ l II -,& y > I 1 xa. ';.R.R.Ste"bting. West.Newman lith. 3TYLODAGTYLUS S ERR AT US A. Milne -Edwards. 57) 2. South African Crustacea (Part VIII. of S.A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). By the Eev. THOMAS E. E. STEBBING, M.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Fellow of King's College, London, Hon. Memb. New Zealand Inst., Hon. Fellow Worcester College, Oxford. (Plates XIII.-XXV. of Vol. XV. Plates LXXVII.-LXXXIX. of Crustacea.) IN the General Catalogue of South African Crustacea (Ann. S.A. Mus., 1910) forty-nine species were enumerated under the heading of Macrura Genuina. To this list twenty-eight species were subse- quently added (Ann. S.A. Mus., 1914). Of the twenty-two species considered in the present essay eleven are proposed as new, one of them representing a new genus. As nineteen are additional to the two earlier lists, the total of the group in question stands for the moment at ninety-six species. In other divisions of the crusta- cean class a large number of new species have been added to the South African fauna by various authors, especially Dr. G. S. Brady and Mr. K. H. Barnard, since the publication of the General Cata- logue. In any future revision of it attention would have also to be directed to several older species, the habitat of which in these waters as recorded by Lenz and others I overlooked. To under- take such a revision just now would perhaps be premature, and at any rate on the present occasion is not convenient. But I venture to take this opportunity of cordially thanking Mr. W. H. Bell- Marley, of Durban, for the large number of specimens with which he has favoured me during a course of years from the coast of Natal, effectively corroborating the work of Krauss, who made that coast his principal hunting ground. In addition to specimens already acknowledged in this series, Mr. Bell-Marley has sent the following : Dchaanius dentatus (Milne-Edwards), with varieties. Blastus fascicularis (Krauss). Huenia proteus, de Haan, new to S. African fauna. Pilumnus xanthoides, Krauss. 5 58 Annals of the South African Museum. Eriphia smithii, McLeay. Callinectes gladiator (Pabricius), new to S. African fauna. Charybdis cruciatus (Herbst), small specimens. Lupa sanguinolentus (Herbst). Thalamita prymna (Herbst). Cyclograpsus punctatus, Milne Edwards. Ocypode cordimamis, Desmarest. Hymfinosoma orbicular is, Desmarest, carrying a comparatively large Balanns. Matuta lunaris (Forskal). ? Leucisca squalinus, McLeay. Clibanarius virescens (Krauss). Diogenes cxtricatus, Stebbing. Porcellana dehaanii, Krauss. Macropetasma africanus (Balss). Lcander affinis (Milne Edwards). Alplieus edwardii (Audouin). Gonodactylus chiragra (Fabiicius). Talorchestia africanus, Bate. Anthosoma crassus (Abildgaard), on old shark. New to S. African fauna. Balanus capensis, Darwin, on Hymenosoma orliculans. TEIBE THALASSINIDEA. (See these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 8, 1914.) FAMILY AXIIDAE. 1888. Axiidae, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 36. 1891. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 46. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 9. GEN. CALOCAEIS, Bell. (1847) 1853. Calocaris, Bell, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., p. 231. .1888. ,, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24. pp. 7, 54 (Callocaris, pp. 11, 46). 1895. ,, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 105. 1900. ,, McArdle, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 6, p. 476. South African Crustacea. 59 1914. Calocaris, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 9. Other references for the family and genus are given in the last-mentioned paper. CALOCARIS ALCOCKI, McArdle. 1900. Calocaris alcocki, McArdle, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 6. p. 476. 1901. ,, ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, pp. 189, 190 ; Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 9, pi. 50, figs. 4, 4a. McArdle's specimen, measuring 54 mm. in length, was taken in the Bay of Bengal, off Ceylon, from a depth of 542 fathoms. The description given of it essentially fits the South African example. Thus, to quote from Alcock, " the rostrum, which reaches to the end of the antennular peduncle, is up- curved and dorsally grooved ; on either lateral border, near the middle, are 1 or 2 spines, and on each of the epigastric con- tinuations of the lateral borders is a single spine." In our specimen the upturned apex of the rostrum reaches somewhat beyond the peduncle of the first antennae, but so it appears to do in the figure on Plate 50 of the Investigator's Crustacea. It may bo only an accidental coincidence, but it may be noticed that the African rostrum has 2 spines on the left margin and only 1 spine on the right. The considerable length of the penultimate joint in the peduncle of the second antennae as compared with the terminal joint should be noticed, as it is a mark distinguishing this species from the recently established C. barnardi. Only one of the flagella was preserved in the first antennae, and the same seems to have been the case with the Indian specimen, which, however, retained the flagellum of the second pair, missing in ours. No special notes are given on the mouth-organs of the Indian specimen, except that the fourth joint of the third rnaxillipeds " has a subterminal spine on the inner border." This applies equally to ours, if we accept the term spine as signifying a small unjointed tooth. In C. barnardi this tooth is also present, though much obscured by the crowded setae, but that species shows a great difference in the denticulate border of the third joint, having some nine strong teeth in place of the 28 mixed large and small which form the row in the present species, in addition to an irregu- 60 Annals of the South African Museum. larly placed dozen of minute ones at the base. A comparison of the figures for the two species will show rather considerable differences of detail in the maxillae and other maxillipeds. But without more specimens for control it may be imprudent to lay too much stress on such details. A detached first peraeopod, beginning with the third joint, and measuring 23 mrc. in length, agrees well with Alcock's account of the large chelipeds in the female, having the hand as long as the fourth and fifth joints combined (carpus and merus being evidently intended, in agreement with the figure, not "carpus and ischium" as printed), the fifth joint is two-thirds the length of the palm, and the palm is as long as the fingers; there is a terminal tooth on the lower border of the third joint and on the upper border of the fourth joint and the palm. In the second peraeopods the last three joints measure together 6 - 5 mm., equally divided between the wrist, palm, and fingers, while the fourth joint, 7'5 mm. long, exceeds the whole combination. The three following peraeopods appear to have a total length respectively of 25, 24, 21 mm., the apical part of the sixth joint in all, but especially in the fifth pair, and the fingers being copiously furnished with setae. The pleopods are perplexing. A comparison of the figures will show that the first pair in this species differs from that of C. barnardi. The second pair of the present species would, I imagine, apart from contradictory evidence, be regarded as male organs. But Alcock is evidently describing these organs when he writes : "In the female the protopodite and endopo- dite of the second pair of abdominal appendages are long and rigid, and articulated to the tip of the endopodite is a large boot-shaped plate, its toe pointing backwards and its heel armed with a spine." The sole, it will be seen, is fringed with spinules. In describing the family Axiidae Alcock says : " In the Indian species from the deep sea it is common to find orifices, corresponding with the genital orifices of the male, in adult females." In defining the genus Calocaris he says : " The first pair of abdominal appendages are slender and uniramous in both sexes, the 2nd-5th pairs are slender and biramous, and have a slender styliform internal appendix." This appendix I have sought in vain in the present species. The characters of the telson and uropods are sufficiently shown in the figures, the diaeresis in the exopod of the latter incomplete. South African Crustacea. 61 The total length of the specimen \vas about 33 mm., the carapace 13 mm. including the rostrum, the telson 4'5 mm. The plate illustrating this species is reserved for future publication. Locality. Cape Natal, N. by E., 24 miles ; depth 440 fathoms. A 1550. TEIBE SCYLLAEIDEA. This tribe, established as the " Tribu des Scyllariens by Milne- Edwards in 1837, has been already noticed in these Annals, vol. 6, part 1, p. 28, 1908, and vol. 6, part 4, p. 372, 1910. FAMILY SCYLLARIDAE. With the above-mentioned notices of the tribe will be found many references to the literature of the family. As might have been expected, the singular bodily shape and the spade-like second antennae of the "Mother-lobsters" have excited attention in very early times. Linnaeus, however, in 1758 was content to group all the forms then known as a single species, Cancer arctus. To deter- mine which of them, according to modern rules, has a right to the specific name arctus requires some consideration. In the Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, p. 496, No. 2040, 1761, Linnaeus again named Cancer arctus, but this time with a single reference, " Eumph. mus. t. 2. f. C. D." These figures illustrate what were supposed to be the two sexes of Ursa-Cancer, Eumphius, as described in his D'Arnboinsche Eariteitkamer, Book 1, p. 3, 1705. Fig. C is now referred to Parribacus, Dana, and Fig. D to Thcnus, Leach. By strict rule perhaps, therefore, arctus should be a species of one or the other of those two genera, but as the habitat is restricted to Oceano scptentrionali , it is possible that Linnaeus was referring to yet a third species, an indefiniteness and confusion which may justify us in leaving the " Fauna Suecica " out of account. We next come to Cancer arctus in the Systema Naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, part 2, p. 1053, 1767. Here we have the old distribution over the four quarters of the globe and contradictory references to the two figures in Eumphius and the single figure in Browne's Jamaica and the very different one in Seba's Thesaurus, but the reference to the "Fauna Suecica" is also given, and contrary to custom a comparatively full description is appended, as if drawn up from an G2 Annals of the South African Museum. actual specimen. With regard to the application of this description I asked the advice of my friend, Dr. W. T. Caiman, D.Sc., who, after consulting with hfs colleague, Mr. C. Tate Regan, writes : " He agrees with me that it applies very well indeed to a specimen of ' Scyllarus arctus,' but cannot, by any stretch of imagination, be made to fit specimens of ' Parribacus antarcticus ' or of ' Tlienus orientalis.' . . . Only S. arctus can be described as ' aculeis inter oculos circiter 10 ' or as having the carapace ' quinquefariam antrorsum aculeatus.' The description of the ' cauda ' puzzled me a good deal till Mr. Regan pointed out that the grooves on each abdominal somite except the first and last do really define three areas, the first smooth, the second rough, and the third rough and triply emarginate behind. Regan also makes the suggestion which I think probably right, that ' digito brevissimo ' refers to a very minute tooth on the concave margin of the dactylus of the first peraeopods." In 1775, as Gill, Miss Rathbun, and Sherborn have stated, Fabricius instituted the genus Scyllarus for Cancer arctus, Linn. To this genus he added the species S. australis in 1781, and again recorded these two species in 1793 (Ent. Syst., vol. 2, p. 477), with- out reference to his own earlier records or any indication that the genus was not a new one. Under S. arctus he gives the old cos- mopolitan distribution and mixture of references, as though quite unaware that they belong to a variety of species, here also as in 1781 quoting Rumph. Mus. tab. 2, fig. 6, D, by mistake for C, D. My own mistake in 1908 must be acknowledged. It consisted in accepting 1793 as the date for the genus Scyllarus and the species S. australis, in place of 1775 for the one and 1781 for the other. The year 1793, however, is rather deeply involved in the interests of the present family. For while Fabricius was leaving his genus in its primitive disorder, two of his contemporaries were independently making a systematic revision of it. Herbst (Krabben und Krebse, vol. 2, part 3, pp. 80, 82, 83, pi. 30, figs. 1, 2, 3), mentioning but not adopting Scyllarus, assigns to Cancer (Astacus) three species which he named respectively arctus, ursus major, ursus minor. Here it should be noted that the invaluable "Index Animalium " makes a slight slip by assigning these three names to 1792, which would have been correct had the descriptions occurred in part 2, ending with p. 78, but Sherborn now accepts Miss Rathbun's date 1793 for parts 3 and 4 of Herbst's second volume. This robs Herbst of any unquestionable precedence over N. T. Lund, who in the same year 1793 (Acta Hafn. or Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet, vol. 2, South African Crustacea. 63 part 2, p. 17, Slaagten Scyllarus) distinguished as species of Scyllarus : 1. arctus (Linn.) ; 2. acquinoctialis ; 3. antarcticus ; 4. orientalis. In this brief but admirable treatise Lund compares and distributes the illustrative figures from various authors, which had been so absurdly referred to a single species. At the same date Herbst gives a confused synonymy to his Cancer (Astacus) arctus (including Scyllarus arctus, Fabricius), but his description and figure make it quite clear that the species is not the Cancer arctus of Linnaeus discussed above, and further that it is the Scyllarus orientalis of Lund. Consequently, as the name arctus is preoccupied, Herbst's species so-called becomes a synonym of Lund's orientalis, subsequently referred to the genus Themis, Leach. Herbst's second species, Cancer (Astacus) ursus major, competes with Lund's third, Scyllarus antarcticus ; since both writers agree in identifying the species with Eumph's tab. 2, fig. C, and Seba's tab. 20, fig. 1. Lund's specific name is misprinted antarctcius in the Suppl. Ent. Syst. of Fabricius, 1798, and misquoted as ant- articus by Milne Edwards in 1837. The latter author gives C. ursus, Seba, as the name applying to Seba's pi. 20, f. 3 [error for f. 1]. But Guerin, in the description of that plate (as reproduced in 1827) writes : " No. 1. Ursa-cancer, seu Squilla lata, amboinensis, Seb. Scyllarus antarcticus, Fabricius." De Haan (Crust. Japon.,decas 5, p. 133, 1841), has already called attention to the difference of Eumph's fig. C from others supposed to be identical. But Herbst's figure of ursus major and that which Milne-Edwards gives of Ibacus antarcticus in the illustrated edition of the " Eegne Animal," pi. 45, fig. 3, are in good agreement, and Herbst's specific name having been accompanied by an excellent coloured figure from the first, should have a preference over Lund's name of the same date, but with a bare description. The species, after its transfer by Milne Edwards to Ibacus, Leach, was again transferred by Dana in 1852 to a new genus, Parribacus. Immediately after this transfer Dana proceeds to describe it as Ibacus antarcticus (Eumph), in U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 517, 1852, although Eumph has nothing to do with either the generic or the specific name, and was probably concerned with a different species of the genus. Herbst's figure is without the row of tubercles down the centre of the carapace, which are conspicuous in Seba's and Dana's figures and faintly marked in that given by Milne Edwards ; but this detail does not appear to be important. The acceptance of the name Parribacus ursus (Herbst) in place of Parribacus antarcticus (Lund) has the advantage of dis- placing a name so puzzling and inappropriate as antarcticus for 64 Annals of the South African Museum. a species recorded from the East Indies, Japan, and the Samoa Islands. There is a Cancer ursus, Fabricius, but that does not pre- occupy the use of the specific name in the clearly different genus Cancer (Astacus). Herbst's third species, ursus minor, instead of being a variety of ursus major, is accepted as a synonym of ScyUanix arctus. Lund's remaining species, aequinoctialis, is the type of Scyllarides, Gill. Hence each of the four species which Lund acutely distinguished stands now under a separate generic name, Scyllarus, Scyllarides, Parribacus, Tlienus. Balss in his important treatise on East-Asiatic Decapoda (Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 81, 1914) states that " Paribaccus papyraceus Eathbun 1906," is a synonym of "Paribaccus antarc- ticus (Humph.)," in his spelling of the generic name being no doubt misled by Bate's change of Ibacus into Ibaccus, which he also adopts, without noticing that the authors whom he cites usually follow Leach and Dana, though Parribacus is sometimes changed to Paribacus. GEN. THENUS, Leach. 1815. Tlienus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 338. 1816. ,, Leach, Encycl. Britannica, ed. 5, Supplement, pp. 417, 419, Art. Annulosa. 1825. Scyllarus (part), Desmarest, Consid. gen. Crustace's, p. 181. 1837. Themis, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 285. 1841. ,, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas 5, p. 151. 1852. ,, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 516. 1888. Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 56, 65. 1891. Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 38. 1893. ,, Stebbing, Hist. Crust., Internat. Sci. Ser., vol. 74, p. 193. In his Zoological Miscellany, vol. 2, p. 152, 1815, Leach remarks that "Ibacus is one of four distinct genera that have been confounded under the general appellation Scyllarus." He presently instituted the genus Tlienus, to which Dana added Parribacus in 1852. The characters given by Leach for distinguishing Tlienus from Scyllarus were, " Hinder legs with simple tarsi. Thorax subdepressed, broader anteriorly. Eyes inserted at the anterior angles of the thorax." The last character is emphasized by Herbst in his description of the type species by the remark that " in no single known insect do the eyes stand so far apart." Ortmann uses this character and the non-chelate fifth peraeopods of the female to distinguish SoutJi African Crustacea. 65 Themis from Scyllarus, Ibacus, and Parribacus. The mouth- parts of the different genera are described by de Haan, whose work also shows that, while there are 21 pairs of branchiae in Scyllarides, Parribacus, Ibacus, and Themis, there are only 19 pairs in Scyllarus. As, according to Miss Eathbun, Scyl- larus americamis, S. I. Smith, is usually not more than half an inch long, great size is not an invariable characteristic of the " Mother-Lobsters." THEXUS ORIEXTALIS (Lund). 1705. Ursa Cancer, Eumphius, D'Amboinsche Eariteitkamer, vol. 1, p. 3, pi. 2, tig. D. 1758. Cancer arctus (part), Linn., Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 633. 1775. Scyllarus arctus (part), Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 413. 1793. ,, ,, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., vol. 2, p. 477. 1793. Cancer (Astacus) arctus, Herbst (not arctus, Linn., sensu strictiore), Krabben and Krebse, vol. 2, part 3, p. 80, pi. 30, fig. 1. 1793. Scyllarus oricntalis, Lund, Skrivter Nat. -Hist. -Selsk., vol. 2 part 2, p. 22. 1798. Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., p. 399. 1803 ,, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., vol. 6, p. 181. 1815. Thcnus indicus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 338. 1816. ,, Leach, Encycl. Brit., ed. 5, Suppl., p. 419. 1825. Scyllarus orientalis, Desrnarest, Consid. gen. Crust., p. 182. pi. 31, fig. 1. 1837. Themis oriental is, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 286, and Eegne Animal, illustr. ed. undated, pi. 45, figs. 2a-c. 1888. ,, ,, Bate, Eep Yoy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 66. 1888. ,, ,, de Man, J. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 26J. 1891. ,, ,, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 6, p. 46. 1914. ,, ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer, Ak. ^Viss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 80. Ortmann assigns the species to Eumph, though without using Eumph's name for it. Jonston, Hist. Nat. de Exang- vibus aqvaticis, p. 21, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4, 8, 12, 1767, adopts the name Ursa major for three figures, 3, 4, 12, which on his 66 Annals of the South African Museum. plate are called Squilla lata, while fig. 8 is named Squilla Ursa minor. The last appears to be Scyllarus arctus, and the position of the eyes suggests that fig. 3 is intended to represent Themis oriental-is. But as Jonston's work has been ruled out of court among treatises not consistently binomial, a discussion of his rude figures may be dispensed with. The South African specimen is in unmistakable agree- ment with the illustrations by various authors cited in the synonymy. Milne Edwards speaks of the ocular peduncles in this genus as very long, no doubt meaning comparatively rather than absolutely. They enable the small cornea to project only very slightly beyond the lateral borders of the carapace. The stomach in our specimen is protruded, as happens sometimes with animals brought suddenly to the surface from a considerable depth. The first and second segments of the pleon have each a small medio-ventral process, the second much the smaller. Length of the speci- men along the middle line, from the base of the cavity of the frontal process to the end of the telson 139 mm., breadth across front just behind the eyes 81 mm. Herbst says that the flesh of the animal is good eating, better than that of the lobster, as Eumph had observed many years earlier, though for actual comparison of flavours one would not expect Astacus gammarus to have been common in Amboyna, and Thenus oriental-is, which is rare even in the East, can seldom have come to table in Germany. Locality. Amatikulu Eiver NW. by W. $ W. 12 miles (Natal) ; depth 26 fathoms. A 969. TRIBE PENAEIDEA. FAMILY PENAEIDAE. (See these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 11, 1911.) GEN. SOLENOCEEA, Lucas. 1850. Solenoccra, Lucas, Ann. Soc. Entomol. de France, Ser. 2, vol. 8, p. 219. 1884. Koelbel, SB. Ak. Wiss., Wien, vol. 90 (1885), pt. 1 (1884), p. 314. Soiitli African Crustacea. 67 1885. Solenocera, S. I. Smith, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 8, p. 185. 1895. ,, Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 18, p. 183. 1901. ,, Alcock, Catal. Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 19. 1908. ,, Bouvier, Camp. Sci. Monaco, fasc. 33, p. 86 (with synonymy, p. 87). 1910. ,, Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1908, i., pp. 13, 20. 1911. de Man, Siboga Exp., Mon., 39a, pp. 7, 45. 1914. Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 5. SOLBNOCERA COMATUS, n. Sp. Plates LXXVIL, LXXVIII. The carapace is scabrous, the rostrum directed straight forward, only twice as long as deep, the medio-dorsal carina having a tooth just in front of the cervical groove, followed by a series of four teeth of which the hindmost is just behind the base of the orbit and the foremost separated by a distinct interval from the apical point ; below this point the margin descends with a gentle curve adorned by a conspicuous series of plumose setae, to which the specific name alludes. Behind this series the lower margin of the rostrum, is horizontal. The sides of the carapace have an antennal tooth and an antero-lateral, and on the surface a tooth a little above and behind the antennal with an apex not quite reaching the margin, and a tooth at the lower end of the cervical groove. The fourth, fifth, and sixth pleon segments are carinate, the sixth ending in a distinct tooth. The telson is shorter than the uropods, ending acutely, for nearly two-thirds of its length to the rear fringed with plumose setae, the last third narrow, with a pair of slightly divergent processes at its base which are not quite half its length. The eyes are brownish red, short, with large oval cornea, pro- tected by the first joint of the first antennae, this joint being as long as the second and third joints combined and having two small lateral teeth. The flagella are not quite twice the length of the peduncle, one flagellum about two-thirds the breadth of the other. In the second antenna the apical tooth of the scale reaches just beyond the setose margin ; the flagellum (imperfect) considerably exceeds the length of the body. The rnandibular palp is very large and setose, with a twist at the base of the first joint, which is decidedly wider and not shorter than the long second, that being wide at the base, distally quite narrow. The plates of the lower lip are in close contact, longer than broad. 8 Annals of the South African Museum. The "palp" of the first maxilla has a series of 5 long setae on the inner margin near the apex. The apical plate of the second maxillae has at the tip of its inner margin a notable tooth carrying spines on both edges and 3 on the surface. The long sinuous endopod of the first maxillipeds has a spaced row of very long setae on its sixth joint. The third maxillipeds are elongate, as is usual in the genus. The first peraeopods are short, the second and third joints each pro- duced into a tooth, the fourth rather longer than the fifth, the fifth longer than the sixth, the fingers rather less than twice the palm, their confronting margins armed with teeth distally for less than half the length. The cleansing apparatus of denticulate spines occurs near the apex of the wrist, and proximally on the palm. What remains of the fifth peraeopod is long and slender. The first pleon segment is ventrally produced into a short triangular process beset with slender spines, between the stout peduncles of the first pleopods. Of these the outer ramus is long and doubly serrate with the usual furniture of plumose setae ; the inner ramus, attached much higher up, is short, pellucid, much of the feebly serrate outer margin fringed with setae, of which there are several also on the surface, while the smooth inner margin has but a single seta pointing inward near the base ; the apex of this ramus is pointed, but the outer margin some way from the end forms a little oval lobe carrying a setule, before contributing to the apex proper. The inner branch of the uropods is subequal in length to the telson, and has the end ovate, fringed round with plumose setae ; the wider and considerably longer outer ramus has the outer margin straight, unarmed, its little apical tooth about on a level with the distal margin which at starting is only feebly convex. The specimen measured 46 mm., the carapace with rostrum being 15 mm., the pleon 31 mm., of which the sixth segment and the telson each accounted for 6 mm. The fiagella of the first antennae were about 16 mm. long, with 53 jointlets in the broader and 46 in the narrower fiagellum, or thereabouts, for the counting is not easy. The imperfect fiagellum of the second antenna was 60 mm. long, the third maxilliped 18 mm. Locality. 33 6' S., 27 55' E. ; depth 43 fathoms. A 121S. Since the above description was written a male specimen from a neighbouring station has been observed, from which it will be con- venient to supply some further details. The total length was practically the same, being 47 mm. Here the medio-dorsal carina has only 4 teeth, the 2 anterior teeth being rather far from the next to SontJi African Crustacea. 69 the rear. The hands and fingers of the second and third peraeopods are very slender, the movable finger in each case extending somewhat beyond the fixed one. The fifth peraeopod is more slender and much less setose, but longer than the fourth, the difference in length of the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints being very marked, while the fingers are subequal, but the sixth joint in the fifth pair more than twice as long as the finger, in the fourth pair not more than once and a third of the finger's length. The petasma, when unfolded and flattened, is seen to consist of two symmetrical conjoint halves, each ending in a rather broad, roughly oval lobe fringed on the outer end with 15 little teeth or spicules and on the inner end with 8 that are blunter but still micro- scopic. Before these transverse overlapping lobes are reached, each division has on its outer (inward folding) side a longitudinal lobe ending obtusely, although a thickening of the otherwise pellucid membrane gives the appearance of an inward curled hook. The second pleopods at the base of the endopod carry a trilobed process, one lobe unarmed extended outwards, the other two downwards on the inner side, one with a furniture of setae, the other with a small fringe of setules. Locality. Nicea Eiver, N. by W. 6 miles (near East London) ; depth 50 fathoms. A 1217. GEN. PENAEUS, J. C. Fabricius. (See these Annals, vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 12, 1914.) PENAEUS SEMISULCATUS, de Haan. 1849. Penaeus semisulcatus, de Haan, Crust. Japonica, decas 6, p. 191, pi. 46, fig. 1. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 97. A specimen 148 mm. in length, witli flagellum of the second antennae 245 mm. long, appears to belong to this species. It has a very small exopod on the fifth peraeopods, and the telson strongly sulcate. The petasma agrees well with that figured by Kishinouye for his P. asliiaka, which Dr. de Man identifies with P. semisulcatus, though not noticing the striking difference in length between the flagella of the first antennae as figured by Kishinouye for both sexes of P. ashiaka and those figured by de Haan for P. semisulcatus. The length represented by de Haan is exceeded by that in our specimen. 70 Annals of the. South African Museum. A female 160 mm. long (with telson slightly imperfect) has a thelycum corresponding with that figured by Alcock for P. monodon, which de Man supposed later to he P. semi- sulcatus. In this specimen the rostrum has 5 small ventral teeth instead of the usual three. Locality. Delagoa Bay. A 2128-9. The specimen was obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard in October 1912. GEN. PENAEOPSIS, A. Milne-Edwards. (For synonymy see these Amials, vol. 15, part 1, p. 15, 1914.) PENAEOPSIS MONOCEKOS (Fabricius). 1798. Pcnaens monoceros, Fabricius, Supplementum Ent. Syst., p. 409. 1906. Metapeneus monoceros, Alcock, Catal. Indian Macrura, p. 18, pi. 3, figs. 7, la-c. (with synonymy). 1911. Penaeopsis monoceros, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39, pp. 8, 55. 1913. ,, ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39, Suppl., pi. 6, figs. 14a-c. 1914. ,, ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer, Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 7. Dr. de Man distinguishes two sections in this genus. The first, to which this species belongs, he defines as follows : " No marginal subterminal articulating spines on the telson ; last pair of thoracic legs without exopod ; their merus in the adult male, with a notch and spine or tooth at its proximal end." The presence of this tooth in the adult male helps to distinguish this species from P. spinulicauda, Stebbing, 1914. The specimen examined has 9 dorsal teeth on the carapace, the hindmost remote from the others, the end of the rostrum slightly upturned. The carapace has a length of 37'5 mm., the rostrum from the base of the eyes accounting for 15'5 mm. ; the pleon is 68'5 mm. long, bringing the total to 106 mm. The flagellum of the second antenna measured 180 mm., this being probably its full extent, as it had to be extracted from what appeared to be secure shelter within the carapace and other parts of the animal. The slender fifth peraeopods were also protected by the carapace. Another specimen, 116 mm. long, has the flagellum of second antennae 225 mm. long, the flagella of the first pair only about 10 mm. in length. South African Crustacea. 71 Locality. Delagoa Bay. A 2128-9. The specimen was obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard in October 1912. Another specimen, female, length 163 mm., flagellum of second antennae 430 mm., was earlier obtained by Dr. Gilchrist, together with a male of nearly the same size, off South Head of Tugela Eiver, in depth between 12 and 14 fathoms, No. 149. TEIBE CAEIDEA. (See these Annals, vol. 15, part 1, p. 28, 1914.) FAMILY CRAXGOXIDAE. 1853. Crangonidac, Bell, British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, p. 255. 1910. Stebbing, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, p. 382 (with synonymy). 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer, Ak. Wiss., vol. 10. SuppL, 2, p. 61. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Ann . S. Afr. Mus., vol. 15, part 1, p. 28. GEN. PHILOCHEEAS, Stebbing. 1862. Cheraphilus (part), Kinahan, Proc. Koyal Irish Ac., vol. 8, pt, 1, p. 7. 1900. PJiilocheras, Stebbing, Marine Invest. S. Africa, Crustacea, pt. 1, pp. 48, 49. 1910. Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1908, pp. 135, 143. The characters of this genus are very clearly explained by Mr. Kemp, and the species now to be described shows no disagreement with his exposition. PHILOCHERAS MEGALOCHEIR, n. sp. Plate LXXIX. Of British and Irish species the present makes the nearest approach to P. neglectus (Sars), considered by Kemp to be only a variety of P. bispinosus (Hailstone and Westwood). It has only a single spine behind the rostrum, but it differs from the approximate species in having a much more broadly rounded rostrum, and still more in the great size of the hand and ringer of the first peraeopods, to which 72 Annals of the SoutJi African Nuscum. the specific name alludes. The finger is widely arched, and from its hinge the margin of the hand extends very obliquely to the widely projecting thumb, numerous setules lining the margin and resting on a membranaceous finely ribbed extension of the border. The small wrist has some little serrate spines at its inner corner, and a few of similar character are on the margin of the hand behind the thumb ; otherwise these limbs are singularly devoid of any plumage, such as abundantly adorns the third maxillipeds and the much slighter second peraeopods. In the latter the hand is very insignificant, the feeble fingers much longer than the palm, which is not longer than its breadth. The telson is about three and a half times as long as its greatest breadth, tapering evenly almost to a point, but with a truncate apex just broad enough for a stout terminal spine, with a pair of much longer and more slender spines inserted in the margins just above it. The rami of the uropods are subequal in length to one another and to the telson, though from the manner of insertion the inner branch extends a little beyond the outer, and a little further still beyond the telson ; the outer ramus is squarely truncate, its outer margin ending in a very small tooth on a level with the apical border. The total length was 20 mm., of which the telson occupied 3 mm., a greater length than that of the sixth pleon segment. Localities. Cove Rock NE. 2 miles ; depth 25 fathoms (near East London). A 1317. And 33 13' S., 27 39' E. ; depth 37 fathoms. A 1316. FAMILY PALAEMONIDAE. This family has been already considered in these Annals, vol. 6, part 1, p. 39, vol. 6, part 4, p. 383, and vol. 15, part 1, p. 30. In the first notice the new generic name Macroterocheir is proposed in place of Ortmann's subgenus Macrobrachinm ; in the second (a General Catalogue of South African Crustacea) five genera of the family are noted, these being, besides that just named, Palaemon, Enpalaemon, Parapalaemon, and Leandcr, but the species there named Leandcr squilla (Linn.) should, I think, rather be called L. affinis (Milne Edwards), and the result of raising Ortmann's subgenus Eupalaemon to generic rank is to make that name a synonym of Palaemon, Fabricius, sensu strictiore. Palaemon qnoianus, Milne-Edwards, can no longer stand under Palaemon thus limited, and perhaps belongs to Leander. The characters of Palaemon as restricted by Ortmann have been very fully set out by de Man in 1892 and Coutiere in 1905. South African Crustacea. 73 GEN. PALAEMON, Fabricius, s.s. 1798. Palacmon (part), Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 378, 402. 1891. Eupalaemon (subgenus), Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 5, pp. 696, 697. 1892. de Man, in Max. Weber's Zool. Ergeb. Niederl. Ost.-Indien, vol. 2, p. 410. 1902. ,, ,, de Man, Abbandl. Senck. Nat. Gesellsch., vol. 25, pt. 3, p. 763. 1904. ,, ,, de Man, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 9, pt. 8, p. 291. 1905. Coutiere, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 8, vol. 12, pp. 263, 273. 1911. ,, ,, de Man, Notes from Leyden Mus., vol. 33, p. 281. 1912. ,, ,, de Man, Eev. Zool. Africaine, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 413. 1912. ,, ,, de Man, Ann. Soc. Zool. Belgique, vol. 46 (1911), p. 197. PALAEMON SUNDAICUS, Heller. (See these Annals, vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 384, 1910.) The distinction of species in this family has been made largely to depend on the size, shape, and denticulation of the rostrum, the roughness or smoothness of the carapace and limbs, the relative proportions of various joints, details in the shape and armature of the chelae, and even on the position of small spines pertaining to the telson. Unfortunately for the systematist several of these characters are found to vary with the age or sex of individuals, and in some of these they may be obscured by wear and tear or by natural abnor- mality. While, therefore, it may be easy to say that such and such a species has been found in this or that locality, it may be a tedious business to confirm the statement. The specimen here assigned to Heller's species is 100 mm. long, the carapace with the rostrum measuring 45 mm., and the telson 13 mm., equalling the length of the fifth and sixth pleon segments combined. The slightly imperfect rostral carina carries 10 or 11 dorsal teeth, much the longest interval being between the foremost 2 or 3 teeth and that next behind them ; two of the teeth are behind the orbits ; among the setules of the ventral margin 3 small teeth 6 74 Annals of tlic South African Museum. could be felt. The carapace is very stout, with the hinder peraeo- pods contiguously paired beneath. The first peraeopods are very slender, with the wrist 14 rum. long, twice as long as the chela, the fingers of which are longer than the palm. The second peraeopods are both detached, one imperfect, but the remainder like its companion, these limbs being dark in colour, with none of the joints dilated, but the palm rather stouter than the wrist, that with the end unbroken measuring 126 mm. for the last 5 joints, com- posed as follows, beginning with the 3rd joint, 15, 24, 33, 54, 27 rnm., the last of them, the finger, not adding to the length, as it closes accurately over the thumb which equals the palm in length and forms a very obtuse angle with it. The third, fourth, and fifth peraeopods are subequal, but the fifth rather the longest, all extending beyond the scale of the second antennae. The flagellum of these antennae attains a length of 153 mm., the longest fiagellum of the first antennae (perhaps a little imperfect) measuring 118 mm. The uropods extend a little beyond the telson, and their exopod a little beyond the endopod. Locality. Umlaas Eiver, Natal ; obtained by Dr. Gilchrist from salt water. A 1252. PALAEMON DELAGOAE, n. sp. Plate LXXX. The present species may be regarded as a link between P. macro brachion, Herklots, and P. sollaudii, de Man, 1912, on both of which the latter author has bestowed so much accurate attention. In the form here assumed to be new the rostral carina has 5 ventral teeth, 9 dorsal, of which 2 are behind the orbit, and the foremost 3 are rather widely spaced ; the oblique apex is perhaps imperfect. The carapace with rostrum measures 34-5 mm., the telson 10 mm., the intermediate part about 35 - 5 mm., thus giving a total of 80 mm. The slender first peraeopod is 34 mm. long. The right-hand second peraeopod has a total length of 108 mm., the 3rd joint 14 mm., 4th 19 mm., 5th 35'5 mm., the 6th 39 mm. In the 6th the palm counts for 25 mm., the thumb for 14 mm., the finger being only 13 mm. does not quite reach the thumb's apex ; both are furred on their opposed margins. The second peraeopod on the left is decidedly shorter than its companion, the thumb (perhaps slightly imperfect) not reaching beyond the finger. Both of these limbs can with difficulty be seen to carry lines of microscopic prickles. The peduncle of the first antennae does not reach the end of the scale of the second, South African Crustacea. 75 and that scale falls a little short of the rostral apex. The mandible has a slender three-jointed palp, a tridentate incisor plate and a prominent molar ending in a group of three strong teeth. The palp of the first maxillae is apically deeply bifid. The telson has a pair of dorsal spines at the middle, two pairs on the sides of the triangular apex, the outer pair very small, a group of feathered setae extending beyond the inner pair ; microscopic prickles fringe the lateral margins, and perhaps extend over much of the surface. Of the intermediate pair of dorsal spines the left-hand spine could not be discerned. Locality. Mouths of rivers flowing into Delagoa Bay yielded a single specimen, named after the bay. A 2196. GEN. LEANDEE, Desrnarest. (See the General Catalogue of South African Crustacea, 1910, in these Annals, vol. 6, p. 386, where for Leander squilla should, I now think, be read Leander affinis (Milne Edwards). See also Trans. E. Soc. Edinb., vol. 50, p. 286, 1914, and these Annals, vol. 15, p. 81.) LEANDER PERINGUEYI, n. sp. Plate LXXXI. This species belongs to the section of the genus in which the palp of the mandible is three-jointed, in company with L. serratus (Pennant), L. affinis (Milne Edwards), L. adspersiis (Eathke). But from all the congeneric forms with which I am acquainted it is dis- tinguished by its peculiar rostrum. A small tooth on the carapace is followed at a well-marked interval by a series of 4 teeth, suc- cessively larger, the hindmost of them slightly behind the base of the eyestalk ; to these again at an interval succeeds a series of 3 small teeth successively smaller, leading to a slightly upturned apex, broad in lateral aspect, its ventral margin receding to a broad cavity formed by a curved acute process at some distance to the rear, with no other ventral teeth except a microscopic spinule between the apex and the cavity. The telson is sharply carinate for- half its length, twice as broad at its base as distally at the base of its little acute apical triangle, this base being furnished with a pair of long spines, between which are two rather longer setae, while they are flanked by a pair of much smaller spines. From the 2 pairs of dorsal spines normally to be expected, one spine of the upper pair is wanting in this specimen. In the first antennae the second and third joints are subequal in 76 Annals of the South African Museum. length, the first longer than both combined ; the flagella, not abso- lutely perfect, show a length of about 40 mm. for the stouter, and about 30 mm. for the slighter, the small third flagellum which sepa- rates from the former, has a free course of about 22 joints, together equal in length to the first joint of the peduncle. The incisor process of one mandible shows 4 teeth, that of the other only 3 ; the palp is very slender, the third joint longer than the first and second combined. The inner lobe of the apical plate or palp of the first maxillae is armed at the inner corner with a little spine which is twisted outwards, but this and various other details of the mouth-organs occur similarly in L. affinis. At the apex of the third maxilliped that species has a single strong spine, where the present specimen has two such spines, but the variation may be a casual one. In the first peraeopods the fifth joint is nearly twice as long as the chela ; in the second pair the fingers are about five-sixths the length of the palm. The specimen, a female laden with eggs, had a total length of 66 mm., the carapace with rostrum accounting for 23 mm., and the telson for a little over 8 mm. Locality. 33 49' S. lat., 25 56' E. long. A 1276. The specific name is given as a mark of respect to Dr. Peringuey, Director of the South African Museum and Editor of these Annals. LEANDER GILCHKISTI, n. sp. Plate LXXXII. This species differs, so far as I can find, from all other forms in the genus by having a good-sized distal tooth both on the dorsal and ventral margins of the rostrum, advanced nearly as far as the slightly upturned acute apex ; there are in all 7 dorsal teeth, the hindmost situated on the carapace a little remote from the next, which is slightly behind the base of the orbit ; the three anterior are a slightly larger group than the three behind, and correspond pretty precisely with the three ventral teeth. The telson is in very close agreement with that of L. peringucyi, but the apex is more abruptly narrowed, and the accompanying plumose setae are shorter instead of longer than the two long spines between which they extend. All four dorsal spines ai'e present, but, as the figure shows, not symmetrically arranged, those on the left being wider apart than those on the right. South African Crustacea. 77 In the first antennae the teeth of the first joint are wider apart than in the other species, and the short flagellum separates from its companion sooner, the common portion showing only six instead of nine components ; the companion (seemingly almost complete) is about four times as long. The mouth-organs show no differences of any apparent import- ance, unless it be that the present specimen shows less expansion at the base of the exopod in the first maxillipeds and less flexure of the antepenultimate joint of the third pair. In the first peraeopods the fourth and fifth joints are here rather shorter in relation to the third joint and the chela, and in the second peraeopods the fifth joint is here not longer than the palm of the chela. The total length of the specimen, a female with eggs, was 57 mm. Locality. East London wood, where, as long ago as April 4, 1900, it was taken by Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist, after whom I have the pleasure of naming it. GEN. PALAEMONETES, Heller. 1869. Palaemonetes, Heller, Zeitsch. wiss. Zool., vol. 19, p. 157. 1890. ,, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 5, p. 513. 1904. ,, Eathbun, Decap. Crust. N.W. coast of N. Amer., p. 30. 1906. ,, Norman and Scott, Crust. Devon and Cornwall, p. 20 (with synonymy). 1910. Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1908, pp. 127, 132. 1912. Eathbun, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, vol. 54, p. 451. In 1899 Borradaile instituted a genus Palaemonopsis for a specimen from New Britain, agreeing with Palaemonetes in the absence of a mandibular palp, but differing from it in having on each side of the carapace one antennal spine only. In these two respects the specimen about to be described agrees with Palaemonopsis, but differs so considerably from it in the first antennae and the second peraeopods that it cannot safely be assigned to that genus. On the other hand, with the first and third peraeopods missing, I am unwilling to found upon it another genus while the much-needed revision of the family Palaemonidae, to which Mr. Kemp has called attention, is still in abeyance. 78 Annals of the South African Museum. PALAEMONETES NATALENSIS, n. sp. Plate LXXXIII. The dorsal teeth of the carapace are eleven in all, three behind the base of the orbit, followed by seven in close succession on the rostrum, but the two foremost more widely spaced than the rest, and finally a longer interval leading to a denticle just in advance of the apex ; the three ventral teeth nearly correspond in position with the dorsal three behind the denticle. The sixth pleon segment is much longer than the fifth. The telson is nearly three and a half times as long as its greatest breadth, narrowing evenly to a shallowly triangular apex, the median point flanked by two small spines, out- side of which is a much larger pair, with a very small pair at the corners similar to two lateral pairs, one about at the middle of the telson's length, the other intermediate between that and the apex. In the first antennae the third joint is less than twice as long as broad, shorter than the second, both combined much shorter than the first, which has an apical tooth, the basal spine reaching little beyond the middle of the joint and scarcely beyond the globular cornea of the eye ; the stouter flagellum with its longer branch is considerably longer than the peduncle ; the shorter branch, which is also rather the stouter, is subequal in length to the part from which both branches spring, and combined with that part gives a length equal to the peduncle ; the more slender independent flagellum equals in length the stouter in combination with its longer branch. The proportions of these flagella in Palaemonetes varians (Leach) and Palaomonopsis willeyi, Borradaile, differ markedly from those just described. The scale of the second antennae differs little from that of P. varians, the flagellum, which is incomplete, could scarcely have been the full length of the body. The incisor process of the mandible has three unequal teeth. The palp of the first maxilla is apically bilobed, with a little upturned tooth or spinule on the inner lobe. In the second maxillae the lacinia interna is not produced into lobes, the median lobes are very slender, and the apical plate is unarmed. In the second maxillipeds the second and third joints are completely fused, the large sixth joint a little outflanks the large transversely attached and strongly fringed seventh. The antepenultimate joint of the third maxillipeds is long and curved, the exopod reaching nearly to its apex. First peraeopods unknown ; the second have the fourth joint about as long as the first three combined, considerably longer than the South African Crustacea. 79 fifth joint or carpus, which in turn is a little longer than the slender chela ; proportions, quite unlike those in the two species above com- pared ; the fingers close tightly together and are subequal in length to the palm ; there are several groups of setae on the fixed finger, and a group near the apex of the carpus. The fourth and fifth peraeopods are nearly alike, the long fourth and sixth joints sub- equal in length, but decidedly less than twice as long as the fifth joint without reckoning the little lobe by which that overlaps the sixth ; the finger is very small and curved, about a tenth as long as the sixth joint. A little tooth precedes its upturned point, but this may be in preparation for the moult. The first pleopod has a very short inner branch. The branches of the uropods are broad, the outer one a little the longer, much extended beyond the little apical tooth of the outer margin. Total length 32 mm., carapace with rostrum 12-5 mm. Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles ; depth 440 fathoms. A 1275. The specimen had a very uninviting appearance, as if covered in all directions by a sort of scurf. This, however, was easily removed, and eventually proved to consist chiefly of the ova of some Epi- caridian, together with the larvae in great numbers, minute objects considerably less in total length than half a millimeter, otherwise in close agreement with the figures given by Sars (Crustacea of Norway, vol. 2, pi. 94) for the male larvae of Dajus mysidis (Kroyer) . FAMILY ALPHEIDAE. 1888. Alpheidae, Bate, Rep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 528. 1899. ,, Coutiere, These a la Faculte des Sciences Paris (with bibliography), Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 8, vol. 9. 1899. ,, Borradaile, Willey's Zool. Eesults, pt. 4, p. 415. 1901. ,, Alcock, Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 139. 1905. ,, Coutiere, Fauna Maldive-Laccadive Archip., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 852. 1911. de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39', p. 135 (Suppl. Plates, 1913). 1913. Zimmer, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 11, pt. 3, p. 381. 1914. Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 37. Through the above-cited authorities numerous other refer- ences may be traced. 80 Annals of the, South African Museum. GEN. ALPHEUS, Fabricius. 1798. Alpheus, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst., pp. 380, 404. Notice has been already taken of this genus in the General Catalogue, South African Crustacea, part 5, 1910. The litera- ture discussing it is very extensive. ALPHEUS NOTABILIS, n. sp. Plates LXXXIV., LXXXV. The interesting specimen here described, besides being solitary, was without flagellum to the second antennae, had only one member of the first pair of peraeopods, neither of the second pair, and only one representative for each of the three following pairs. All the limbs were detached, but as there was no other specimen in the bottle there can be no reasonable doubt that the lirnbs belonged to the body which they accompanied. The rostrum protrudes from between the raised and distally rounded eye-lobes and its carina is continued along two-thirds of the carapace. The covered eyes are dark and sub-rotund. In the first antennae the second joint is nearly as long as the first and two and a half times as long as the third ; the shorter flagellum has its thickened part about half as long as its slender companion, with a slender 12-joiuted continuation equal to nearly a third of the pre- ceding length ; this is composed of 26 joints, only the last of them having a freely projecting tip, which carries two long sensory filaments, 19 pairs of filaments being distributed over 9 joints. The well-marked apical tooth of the bent and strongly plumose scale of the second antennae just reaches the apex of the plumose portion. The incisor process of the mandible has one rather large tooth between three or four much smaller teeth above and five very minute ones below; the powerful molar is fringed with combs or brushes of hair-like teeth ; the palp with seta-fringed second joint is bent as usual on to the inner surface of the mandible. The palp of the first maxillae has a bilobed apex, with a single spine on the tip of the inner lobe. The corresponding joint of the second maxillae is small with a spinule at the narrow apex and a few setae low down on the outer margin. In the slender terminal part of the endopod of the first maxilliped the jointing is obscure. In the second maxillipeds there is a very large branchial plate attached to the first joint, the second and third joints are completely coalesced, the part representing the third joint being distally expanded, the sixth is South African Crustacea. 81 strongly dilated above the fifth, and the transversely apposed seventh is strongly spined. The third maxillipeds have the ante- penultimate joint long and twisted, the penultimate distally expanded beyond the insertion of the last joint ; this inward expansion carries a group of straight setae extending beyond the last joint, which is more than twice the length of the penultimate and itself very copiously furnished with long setae. The first peraeopod, which from its structure is no doubt the smaller cheliped of the present species, is remarkable alike for its setose furniture and the great length of the hand. The character naturally suggested a comparison with Alphcus longimanus, Bate (Rep. Voy. Challenger, p. 551, pi. 98, fig. 4), a species which I cannot find mentioned in Dr. de Man's admirable monograph of the family, nor indeed by any other authority since its publication. Bate declares that the second peraeopods have the " carpos six- articulate," which would be a very important feature, were not the importance discounted by the circumstance that his figure clearly shows the wrist normally five-jointed. In the first antennae he represents the shorter flagellum as much less than half the length of the other, and in the second antennae the long joint of the peduncle overtops the scale, whereas in our specimen it does not reach the top of it. In the smaller first peraeopod Bate describes the fingers as "nearly, and in some instances quite, as long as the propodos," meaning of course the palm. In our species the fingers are very considerably shorter than the palm, and the fringes of very long setae with which fingers and palm are alike begirt are exceedingly notable. The fourth joint on the outer edge is as long as the palm, and on the inner edge near the base shows four slender spines and is lightly fringed with setae. The third and rather shorter fourth peraeopods have each the sixth joint fringed with long setae ; the more slender fifth has the distal half of the sixth joint's inner margin fringed with more than twenty little groups of setae, increasing in size as they approach the straight pointed finger. The first pleopods have the inner ramus very short, both rami fringed with long setae. In the second pair the inner ramus is longer than the outer, with a long slender retinaculum. In both pairs the peduncle is elongate, with stout setae above and below on the inner margin for holding the ova. The uropods are very broad and strongly plumose, the outer ramus rather the longer, a diaeresis ending in a small tooth low down. The telson is peculiar in shape, narrowing a little above the middle, at five-sixths of the length each 82 Annals of the South African Museum. lateral margin ending in a little tooth, the remaining sixth forming a half oval fringed with 14 pairs of long plumose setae. The total length of the body was 30 mm., the carapace being 10 mm. long and the telson 5 mm. Locality. Delagoa Bay, the specimen obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard. A 2130. ALPHEUS LOTTINI, Guerin. 1826-30. Alplieus lottini, Guerin, Voy. de La Coquille, Atlas, Crust., pi. 3, fig. 3. 1837. ,, ventrosus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 352. 1837. Alpliacus lothinii, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, p. 353 footnote. 1838. Athens lottinii, Guerin Meneville, Voy. de La Coquille, Zool., vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 38. 1839. Alplieus laevis, Eandall, J. Ac. Sci. Philad., vol. 8, p. 141. 1852. ,, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., vol. 13, p. 556, pi. 35, fig. 8a-h. 1899. ,, ,, Coutiere, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 8, vol. 9, pp. 250, 262, figs. 307, 324, 325. 1905. Alplieus vcntrosus, Coutiere, Maldive-Laccaclive Archip., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 882. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a', pp. 311, 339. Milne-Edwards says that " L'Alphee de Lottin dont il a ete publie une bonne figure, mais dont la description n'a pas encore paru, parait etre tres-voisine de 1'espece precedente," namely, his own Athens vcntrosus. But the description of A. vcntrosus. does not seem to justify any claim for the priority of that name over Guerin's A. lottini. Bate's figure of A. laevis in the Challenger report cannot easily be reconciled with the species here in question. Our specimen, a female with eggs in a forward state of development, was unfortunately bereft of both members of the first pair of peraeopods. The second pair were attached to the body, and by their comparative stoutness and the relative lengths of the five compartments of the wrist are in unmistak- able agreement with the figures by Dana and Coutiere. A similar agreement is shown by the broad blunt-ended fingers of the hinder peraeopods, a character so unlike that which is found in most members of the genus. In the uropods a strong dark spine is extended from within and beyond the South African Crustacea. distal tooth of the outer margin of the outer ramus. The apical breadth of the telson is a fourth of its length, as measured between the distal points of the lateral margins, beyond which it extends in a shallow three-sided convexity, bordered with plumose setae two central spines and a small and large pair at the corners. Between the mouth-organs of this and the preceding species there are several small differ- ences of detail. Total length of specimen 22 mm., the carapace 7 mm., the telson 3 mm. Locality. Delagoa Bay, where the specimen was obtained by Mr. K. H. Barnard. A 2123. ALPHEUS DISSODONTONOTUS, n. sp. Plate LXXXVI. This striking species is closely allied to Alplieus praedator, de Man, 1908, and to A. bidens (Olivier), as recently described and figured by de Man, who finds a synonym of it in A. tridentatus, Zehntner (Eevue Suisse Zool., vol. 2, p. 204, pi. 8, fig. 24, 1894). The remarkable feature of these rare forms is the presence of two strong teeth on the back of the carapace, not beside the rostral tooth, but well to the rear of it. To this feature the new specific name refers, in agreement with Olivier's bidens, while the addition of the rostral tooth would justify the epithet tridentatus. In the two earlier species the rnedio-dorsal carina is interrupted behind the dorsal teeth and resumed with an obtuse tubercle. In the new species this tubercle is not found, and the dorsal teeth are separated from the carina by a very narrow groove. The most obvious further distinction is in the second peraeopods, in which the first carpal joint is decidedly longer than the second, instead of shorter as in the other two species. The telson is just twice as long as its greatest breadth at the base ; the apical curve is closely fringed with 24 strongly plumose setae and numerous short spines, with a very small pair at the outer corners and a rather larger pair just within this small pair. The upper dorsal pair of spines is a little above, and the lower pair a little below the middle of the telson. The globular eyes are clearly visible beneath the inflated hoods ; as to the latter de Man says that in A. praedator " the eye-hoods end anteriorly in an obtuse tubercle " ; in the present species it is the eyes themselves that show a small tubercle which seems to project clear of the hoods. The first antennae have a broad stylocerite, the 84 Annals of the South African Museum. sharp apex of which reaches the end of the first joint, the second is shorter than the first but considerably longer than the third joint ; the stouter flagellum consists of 17 thick joints followed by 10 that are thinner ; the other flagellum is more than thrice as long. In the second antennae the tooth of the scale reaches only a little beyond the setose portion of the blade, which slightly overtops the peduncle. The incisor process of the mandible is broad, convex, its middle tooth the largest, the rest successively smaller in each direction. The first maxilla has the palp bifid, with a single spine at the apex of its inner lobe. The second maxilla has the palp weak, with a spine on its narrow apex, and the adjoining plate (lacinia media} appears to be completely undivided. The short, transversely articu- lated, finger of the second maxilliped is of notable breadth. The antepenultimate joint of the third maxilliped is strongly curved, thus differing from the straight form of that joint as figured by de Man for A. praedator, but the difference may be referable to the much smaller size of the specimen by which that species is represented ; in both species the terminal joint carries very long setae ; in the present the little epipods of these maxillipeds have hook-shaped apices as shown in the figure, and the same character may be noticed in the second peraeopods. The relative dimensions of the large left and the much smaller right cheliped of the first pair may be judged from the figures, the left hand being about 19 mm. and the right about 12 mm. long. Not- withstanding the great difference in the bulk of the hands, the fourth joint is about the same for each limb, and has in each a sharp ridge ending in a conspicuous tooth. In the second peraeopods the first jointlet of the wrist is equal to the last three combined and decidedly longer than the chela, the fifth is longer than the third or fourth but not equal to both combined ; the second jointlet is equal to the chela, in which the fingers are somewhat longer than the palm. In the third and fourth peraeopods the fourth joint has the inner margin produced into a prominent subapical tooth ; in the third pair there are seven spines along the inner margin of the sixth joint ; in the fourth pair only six spines in this position. The fifth pair is more slender, its fourth joint without the sub-apical tooth, its fifth joint rather longer than in the other two pairs. In all the fingers are simple. The uropods are of great breadth, strongly fringed with plumose setae, the diaeresis of the outer ramus not strongly sinuous. The total length of the specimen, a female with globular ova, South African Crustacea. 85 measured round the back was 44 mm., the carapace being 13'5 mm., the telson 6 mm. long. Locality. 33 50' S., 25 46' E. ; depth 20 fathoms. A 1561. GEN. SYNALPHEUS, Bate. 1888. Synalpheus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. 480, 572. 1899. ,, Coutiere, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., Ser. 8, vol. 9, pp. 154, 334, etc. 1905. ,, Coutiere, Fauna Maldive-Laccadive Archip., vol. 2, pt. 4, pp. 853, 869. 1909. Coutiere, Pr. U.S. Mus., vol. 36, pp. 1-93. 1911. ,, de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a, p. 185. 1913. Zimmer, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 11, pt. 3, p. 381. In Bate's original definition of the genus a salient point is the statement that the mandibles have a curved, sharply pointed, and almost rudimentary incisor process, with a small two-jointed palp. But Professor Coutiere in 1899 explains that, while this is true for the single species on which Bate founded his genus, there are gradations which lead through closely allied species from this form of mandible to that which may be regarded as normal in this genus and Alpheus. Authors may well be excused for not foreseeing discoveries of this kind, since in the process of evolution every peculiarity, however striking, is liable to be neutralized in the same way for purposes of classification. A new and full description of the generic character is given by Coutiere in 1899. As often happens, some of the features are shared with neighbouring genera, and some of the distinguishing points, besides the incisor of the mandibles, are alternative. Since 1888 there has been an amazing development of the genus, for in place of the single species then assigned to it by Bate, de Man in 1911 enumerated 62 species and 15 varieties from the Indo-Pacific region alone. In the discrimination of these species minute measurement plays an almost alarming part, because as the eyes are completely covered by the carapace the vision of these creatures must be dim, and without com- passes the members of different species will never know one another apart. Perhaps indeed the numerous varieties may be the result of inconsiderate intermarriages. In 1909 Coutiere distributed the species then known among six groups, with keys which must be invaluable to those who 86 Annals of the South African Museum. have varied material available for study. The Comatularum group is distinguished from the rest by having " supraorbital spines insignificant compared to the rostrum," while the others have these spines " at least equal to the rostrum in import- ance." Our South African species does not conform to either condition, but neither does Coutiere's own, S. paraneomcris, 1905, since there the variable rostrum is described as always more or less, though not very considerably, longer than the supraorbital spines. SYNALPHEUS ANISOCHEIE, n. sp. Plate LXXXYII. Eostrum twice as long as breadth at the base, supraorbital spine not reaching the level of the rostral apex. Telson at base twice as broad as the interval between its postero-lateral teeth ; between these the margin is produced to rather less than a semicircle, fringed with (about 30) plumose setae, a notch at each corner containing a small and a larger spine, the dorsal spines wide apart, the anterior pair not quite symmetrically placed, but in line with the lateral teeth the left-hand spine is slightly above, the right-hand slightly below the middle. Peduncle of first antenna with spine of first joint longer, but the trunk rather shorter than second and third joints combined ; the shorter flagellum with the stouter portion 10-jointed, as long as the peduncle, the last five joints carrying sensory filaments, the ter- minal point free, the slender continuation showing 6 joints, but imperfect ; the slender flagellum is more than twice the length of the stout portion of its companion. In the second antennae the long joint or carpus of the peduncle reaches a little beyond the end of the long spine of the scale, this tooth reaching well beyond the blade of the scale and remaining free from it to below the middle ; the blade itself is apically rounded and fringed with setae round the apex and inner margin, the remaining portion of the flagellum is 18-jointed, as long as the peduncle, and by its stoutness rather suggesting a length exceeding that of the first antennae. Coutiere assigns to the Comatularum group " antennules shorter than the antennae," but to the other groups " antennules at least equal to the antennae." I am forced to join the conspiracy of silence which in the description of species seems invariably to leave this part of the organism indeterminate. Soutlt African Crustacea. 87 The incisor process of the mandible has seven well-pronounced but unequal teeth. The palp of the first maxilla is bilobed, with a single spine on the apex of the shorter inner lobe. The last joint of the third maxillipeds has some strong spines on the obliquely truncate apex, one surface thickly set with rows of spines, the preceding joint very short. The asymmetry of the first pair of peraeopods is characteristic of the genus, but in this species, besides the usual diversity of form, the inequality of size in the hands, alluded to by the specific name, seems to be carried to an extreme. "While the smaller chela is 3-5 mm. long by 1'3 mm. broad, the larger is 8'5 mm. long by 3-5 mm. broad, with a corresponding difference in thickness. Not- withstanding this great difference in the bulk of the hands the three preceding joints differ but little in size in the pair. In the second peraeopods the first jointlet of the carpus is rather shorter than the four following combined, the second, third, and fourth each little longer than broad, combined rather longer than the fifth, which equals the palm of the chela and is slightly shorter than the fingers ; the fixed finger has several tufts of stiff setae. The fingers of the fourth and fifth peraeopods are strongly curved at the pointed apex, within which is a short tooth. The sixth joint of the fourth pair has 6 spines along the inner margin, which in the fifth pair carries numerous tufts of spinules. The rami of the pleopods are broad, and much more so those of the uropods, the outer of which is prolonged considerably beyond the tooth of its outer margin ; between this and a longer inner tooth are planted two conspicuous spines ; from the inner tooth starts the very sinuous diaeresis. Besides the extensive marginal fringes of plumose setae, the inner ramus down the centre of its ventral surface has numerous rows of spines. The ova are large, 2 mm. long, showing the eyes, but have become hardened. The total length of the mother was 18 mm., the carapace 7 mm. long, and the telson 2'5 mm. Locality. Gordon's Bay, False Bay, whence it was obtained by Dr. Gilchrist more than ten years ago. A 1555. GEN. ATHANAS, Leach. 1814. Athanas, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. 7, p. 432. 1817. ,, Leach, Malac. Podophth. Britanniae, text to pi. 44, No. 14. 1863. ,, Heller, Crust, siidlichen Europa, p. 280. 1898. ,, Borradaile, Pr. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1011. Annals of the South African Museum. 1899. Athanas, Coutiere, Ann. Sci. Nat., These " Alpheidae," passim. 1905. ,, Coutiere, Fauna Maldive-Laccadive Archip., vol. 2, pt. 4, p. 856. 1908. ,, Coutiere, Bull. Soc. Philomathique, n. Ser., vol. 11, No. 5, p. 2. 1911. de Man, Siboga Exp., vol. 39a', p. 144. ATHANAS, sp. The specimen, an ovigerous female, was in a fragmentary condi- tion, having none of its peraeopods except one member of the second pair, and the flagella of both pairs of antennae imperfect. Hence its systematic position cannot well be determined. The carapace agrees with A. nitescens, but the first joint of the first antennae is little longer than the second, the eleven remaining joints of its flagellum show no sign of a division, and the stylocerite springs nearly from the base of the peduncle and overlaps the base of its third joint. The scale of the second antennae is very broad, the tooth of the straight margin not reaching beyond the broadly convex distal margin. In each mandible the excisor process has 12 teeth, 6 large and 6 small, more or less regularly graduated from each corner in a broad curve ; the second joint of the palp is fringed round the distal half or rather more with long setae. In the second maxillipeds the second and third joints are coalesced, the fifth joint is short, having the tongue-like process of the sixth bent against and beyond it, carrying as it were in transverse attachment the spinose finger, a broad short strip. The second peraeopod has the third and fourth joints subequal in length, the first division of the wrist nearly as long as the other four combined, the second and third scarcely shorter than the fourth, and these three combined scarcely longer than the fifth ; the chela is as long as the three preceding divisions of the wrist combined, the finger as long as the palm. The branches of the uropods are not quite so broad as the telson, the inner subequal to it in length, the outer a little longer, with the part following the diaeresis broader than long. The broad convex distal margin of the telson has markings indicative of 14 pairs of setae within the pair of teeth and attendant spines at the corners ; there are two pairs of dorsal spines not far from the smooth slightly converging lateral margins, the upper pair a little above, the lower a little below, the middle of the telson. Total length 15 mm., the telson 2-5 mm. Locality. False Bay, St. James (taken by Dr. Gilchrist). A 1296. South African Crustacea. 89 FAMILY HIPPOLYTIDAE. 1910. Hippolytidac, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4 p. 390 (with synonymy). 1912. M. J. Eathbun, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 54, p. 454. 1914. ,, Kemp, Eecords Indian Mus., vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 81. 1914. ,, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 15, pt. 1, p. 34. Miss Eathbun adds a new genus Barbouria. Mr. Kemp adds two new genera, Gelastocaris and Meryuia, and supplies a valuable key to 15 Indo-Pacific genera of the family. GEN. HIPPOLYTE, Leach. 1814. Hippolyte, Leach, Edinb. Encycl., vol. 7, p. 431. HIPPOLYTE KKAUSSIANUS (Stimpson). 1860. Virbius kramsianus, Stimpson, Pr. Ac. Sci.Philad., p. 105(36). 1910. Hippolyte kraussiana, Stebbing, Ann. S. African Mus., vol. 6, pt. 4, p. 391. Three specimens in good agreement with Stirnpson's description have been obtained by the Pieter Faure. One of them 29 mm. long considerably exceeds-the size mentioned by Stimpson, and the rostrum much exceeds the length of the peduncle of the first antennae, though not reaching the apex of the scale of the second, and otherwise conforming to Stimpson's account, " above at the base bidentate, at the apex tridentate, on the lower margin quadridentate." A second specimen, a female, ovigerous, 18 mm. long, practically agree- ing in this respect with Stimpson's, has, like his, the rostrum little longer than the peduncle of the first antennae, with the dentation numerically the same, except for the addition of a minute ventral tooth. This, however, does not exclude a different arrangement of the teeth in our two specimens, the ventral teeth in the larger being much more remote from the apex than in the smaller, and its median apical tooth being advanced beyond its smaller neighbours above and below, whereas in the smaller specimen the lowest tooth of the three is the largest and the most advanced. In the third specimen, 7 90 Annals of the South African Museum. only 13 mm. long, and very insignificant in bulk compared with the first, the rostrum again is little longer than peduncle of the first antennae, but it has only one ventral tooth in addition to that of the apical trio, both the other members of which reach beyond it, the median tooth greatly exceeding both its partners. In the smaller specimens the flagella of the first antennae might justify Stirnpson's characterization of them as subequal, but in the largest specimen the more slender flagellum is considerably the longer. The flagellum of the second antennae appears to be as long as the body ; the scale is broad, the apical tooth of the outer margin not nearly reaching the end of the broadly rounded setose distal border. The mandibles have a strong molar, the incisor process weak, ending in five little teeth. First maxillae with a short twisted palp. Second maxillae with lowest lobe receding, fringed with a few long setae, apical plate bent, tipped with one spine. First maxillipeds with the slender distal part of the endopod rising from a broad membranaceous base. Finger of second maxillipeds short, broad, with fan-like fringe of slender spines. First peraeopods short, stout, fingers shorter, wrist rather longer than palm and subequal to the fourth joint. Second peraeopods, with wrist subequal to fourth joint, its proximal division as long as the other two combined, the third longer than the second. Fifth peraeopods having the finger fringed with 8 graduated spines, the largest adjoining the unguis, which is backed by a spine slightly longer and more slender. Postero-lateral angles of the sixth pleon segment acute. Outer ramus of the uropods broad, its outer margin smooth, ending in a small tooth, within which is a large spine, the distal border of the ramus extending some way further, fringed with setae. The elongate telson has two pairs of dorso- lateral spines, as stated by Stimpson, but also three pairs of different sizes on the apex. Localities. Knysna mile above jetty. A 1282. A specimen, ovigerous female, from East London, sent to the Museum by Mr. Wood, agrees with the largest of the three specimens described above exactly in the rostral character, and has a total length of 32 mm. A 128] . Soiitli African Crustacea. 91 GEN. SPIRONTOCAEIS, Bate. 1888. Spirontocaris, Bate, Eep. Yoy. Challenger, vol 24, pp. x, 576, 595. 1898. \Yalker, Tr. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 12, p. 276. 1904. ,, Rathbun, Decap. Crust. NW. Coast N. America, pp. 5, 56-107. 1906. ,, Norman and Scott, Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall, p. 18. 1906. Caiman, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, vol. 17, pp. 31, 32. 1910. ,, Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1908, i., pp. 99, 102. 1914. ,, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 42. Through the above references there may be traced a large literature relating to this rather perplexing genus. The species now offered as an additional member of its numerous horde does not conform with the original definition, as it is devoid of the two supraorbital teeth therein mentioned, its rostrum is not deep, and the incisor process of the mandible cannot be called rudimentary. One or other or both of the first two deficiencies, however, it shares with several other species, and with regard to the third precise information is in most cases wanting. The mouth-organs are suggestive of agreement with Bate's Hetairus, but if that genus were resumed from the synonymy of Spirontocaris, Bate's state- ment that the third maxillipeds are without an exopod must be noted as erroneous. SPIROXTOCARIS PAX, n. sp. Plate LXXXYIII. The species to which the present appears to make the nearest approach is Spirontocaris crancliii (Leach), 1817, which in turn closely resembles the rare form from Japan named Hippolyte gracilirostris by Stimpson in 1860, and transferred to Spirontocaris by Balss in 1814. Here the slender rostrum carries dorsally 4 teeth instead of 6 as in Stimpson's species, a smooth space being left anteriorly which his occupies with the 2 foremost teeth ; ventrally there are 2 small teeth just behind the apical point in Balss's figure of the other species. In S. crancliii the 3 or 4 rostral teeth approach the bifid or trifid apex more nearly than here. In all 92 Annals of the South African Museum. three species there is no other tooth, except the antennal. The third segment of the pleon is medio-dorsally produced over the fourth, but not acutely. The sixth segment is much longer than any of the preceding segments. The apical margin of the telson carries a pair of long spines, between which are 3 rather more than half as long and several setae ; above them are a small pair of spines and outside them a rather short pair, above which on the left are a series of 6 spaced sub-lateral spines, while on the right, no doubt abnormally, there are only 3 spines, unsymmetrical in posi- tion. Stimpson gives the telson of his species 4 pairs of dorsal spines, and the same number is assigned to S. cranchii by Milne Edwards and Bell. Eyes dark, cornea globular. First antennae agreeing with Bate's account of those appendages in "Hetairus gaimardii (Milne-Edwards)." Second antennae nearly as long as the body, the tooth of the scale almost level with the rounded apical margin. Mandibles with much denticulate molar, which is much stouter than the incisor process, the latter ending in an obliquely truncate apex, the anterior point of which is finely bifid, and the receding border cut into 6 or 7 little teeth ; the two-jointed palp is rather feeble, the second joint carrying a few setae. The first maxilla has several strong spines about the curved apex of the lower plate, a close fringe of spines round much of the margin of the large median plate, and the palp proximally stout, with two unequal spines on the faintly emarginate much narrower apex. The second maxilla has the lower plate apparently undivided, carrying a curved series of some 10 long not very closely-set setae, the middle plate divided about to the middle, both lobes fringed with close-set setae or spines, the palp or apical plate not very broad, but the apical part rather abruptly narrowed, tipped with 2 very unequal spines, neither very large. The first maxilliped differs from that described and figured by Bate for Hetairus gaimardii (Milne Edwards), chiefly in the apical part of the endopod, which Bate speaks of as " a two-jointed continuation," the figure showing the two joints about equal in length. In our species the \videst part at the base is short, fol- lowed by a narrower but much longer portion, to which succeeds a still narrower but quite short apical piece. I cannot definitely make out any articulation between these three divisions, though I cannot positively deny its existence between the last two com- partments ; the broad proximal part of the exopod has a distal fringe of long setae, not short ones as in Bate's figure. The second maxilli- peds are in near agreement with the figure given by Bate. The South African Crustacea. 93 third maxillipeds have a small exopod, not nearly so long as the antepenultimate joint of the endopod ; but this is not a point of dis- tinction from " Hetairus yaimardii," since that also, as I stated in 1893, has the exopod in question, the species properly belonging to Spirontocaris. The first peraeopods are moderately robust, the chela nearly as long as the fourth joint, not twice as long as the fifth joint, in this respect differing from S. licrdmani, A. 0. Walker, 1898 ; the fingers are rather less than two-thirds the length of the palm. The second peraeopods are slender, the divisions of the wrists not exactly cor- responding in the pair of limbs, but the proximal first and second jointlets in both are coalesced, so that the wrist is 6-jointed. Here, however, the result is due to the coalescence mentioned, whereas in S. cranchii, according to Mr. Kemp's fig. 8, pi. 18, there is a jointlet missing. Stimpson speaks of the third, fourth, and fifth peraeopods in his species as all slender, which is an epithet not applicable to the third pair in the new species, and not specially appropriate to the fourth or fifth. Walker mentions that the third peraeopods in S. licrdmani have 3 spines on the distal third of the fourth joint. In the new species no such spines were observable. In all three pairs the fifth joint is distally produced over the base of the long sixth, and the short stout finger is fringed with spines on the inner margin, and ends in a short stout unguis with a spine behind it. The first pleopods are comparatively short, the second and third much longer, the long second joint being expanded, at first gradually, into a membranaceous wing which aids in securing the very numerous eggs ; far down on the inner rarnus there is a long coupling process with about a dozen minute hooks on the transverse apex. The uropods, which are rather longer than the telson, have the peduncle produced into a sharp point on its outer margin ; the inner ramus, a very elongate oval, is a little shorter and narrower than the outer, which, besides the ordi- nary long plumose setae of its inner and rounded apical border, has the straight outer margin fringed all along with short setae to the distal tooth, this tooth not nearly reaching the apex. Total length of the specimen, a female laden with eggs, was 14'5 mm., the carapace with rostrum being 4 mm. long, and the pleon to end of telson 1O5 mm. Localities. 34 11' S., 18 31' E. ; depth 20 fathoms. A 1297. And off Buffels Bay (False Bay) ; 30 fathoms. No. 116. The 94 Annals of the South African Museum. specimen from this locality has on the rostrum 5 dorsal teeth and 3 very small ventral teeth. With all Europe in the throes of war (August 17, 1914), this little species is a fitting representative of Peace, in honour and hope of which I name it. GEN. EXHIPPOLYSMATA, nov. 1914. Hippolysmata (part), Kemp, Eecords of the Indian Museum, vol. 10, pt. 2, p. 112. Closely allied to Lysmata, Eisso, and Hippolysmata, Stimp- son. Eostrum longer, usually much longer than carapace, with an elevated dentate basal crest ; telson lanceolate, the acute apex unarmed. Upper flagellum of first antennae elongate, its hasal portion apparently composed of two coalesced branches, the shorter free only at the apex. Mandibles without palp, the molar comprising a broad spinuliferous band and by its side a projecting dentate plate. In the first rnaxillipeds the endopod has a small conical joint at the apex tipped with a spinule, the preceding joint a little wider and about two and a half times as long. Mr. Stanley Kemp has recently (April, 1914) given a key to the Indian species of Hippolysmata, separating a new species, H. ensirostris, with a variety punctata, from the rest by characters of which I have made use for instituting the present genus. The Indian species is said to be very variable in some of its features, so that it may be a question of taste whether nearly related forms shall be treated as named varieties or as distinct species. EXHIPPOLYSMATA TUGELAE, n. Sp. Plate LXXXIX. The dorsal crest is composed of 13 graduated teeth increasing in size towards the front, with a small tooth at a little distance on the carapace to the rear and another at a small distance on the rostrum in front ; just behind the latter tooth begins a row of 7 ventral teeth, at first at small then at large intervals, while above all but the first the dorsal margin is perfectly smooth. The rostrum, measured from the base of the eye-stalk is once and a half as long as the rest of the carapace ; the antennal tooth and the antero-lateral are acute and pronounced. The telson is very like that of E. ensi- SontJi African Crustacea. 95 rostris, but has the margins feathered with setae for nearly two- thirds of the length from the apex ; the latter is acute and appears to have a very small pair of spines at its base, the main body of the telson has two pairs of dorsal spines, not quite symmetrically placed in the specimen figured. The eyes are cylindrical, with a rather srnall corneal area. The first joint of the first antennae has a tooth at about the middle of one margin ; the much shorter second joint is decidedly longer than the third ; the flagella are about as long as the body and sub- equal in length, the upper one at the base being considerably the broader, a thicker part indicative of 28 jointlets being accompanied by a thinner part, about half its width, which carries some 56 groups of filaments, only the rounded apex of this portion being free. The division into jointlets along this apparently composite part of one fiagellum and along the corresponding portion of the other depends rather on marginal constrictions than on any definite articulation. The second antennae have a flagellum considerably longer than the body, the rounded apex of the scale reaching well beyond the strong tooth of the outer margin. The character of the mandibles has been in part explained above. The part which may perhaps function as an incisor process extends in one mandible all across the end of the molar in three large teeth, the largest fringed with setules ; in the other the extent is smaller and the edge divided into five teeth of various sizes, the setaliferous band of the molar being here accompanied by an irregular strip of three blunt teeth. The lower lip shows two broad lobes with rather irregular out- lines. The first maxilla has a bilobed apex, the inner lobe the larger with one long spine among others that are seta-like. The second maxilla has its vibratory plate more flat-topped than usual. The third maxilliped ends in a strong apical spine, the exopod extends along two-thirds of the antepenultimate joint, and a small epipodal plate is setiferous on its anterior margin. The first peraeopods are short, the fifth joint rather shorter than the fourth or sixth, the movable finger as in E. ensirostris scarcely two- thirds the length of the palm. The more slender but longer second peraeopods have the wrist in each limb divided into 12 jointlets, of which the first is the longest, the last being next in size sub-equal to the palm but longer than the fingers ; the fourth joint is very faintly sub-divided into 4 compartments and equals in length the first 8 of the wrist ; it is rather longer than the somewhat stouter third joint, which is distinguished by a peculiar armament of 6 or 7 hooked 96 Annals of the, South African Museum. spines on its inner margin ; it has other simple spines, but these are less strongly developed than those on the corresponding joint of the next two pairs. The third, fourth, and fifth peraeopods are stouter than the second, subequal to one another in length and similar in general appearance, but with certain differences, the fourth joint being successively shorter but the fifth successively longer ; the fifth also near the end of its inner margin has four groups of serrate spines which are not represented on the two preceding pairs ; in all three the finger has a group of spinules at the base of its acute unguis, and on the proximal part of the inner margin 3 spines successively larger ; on the third and fourth pairs these are preceded by a very small spine, which in the fifth is perhaps hidden by the last serrate group. In the uropods the broadly rounded apex of the exopod extends a little beyond the narrowly rounded apex of the endopod and much beyond the bifid, spine-including apex of the outer margin, from which the diaeresis starts its devious course. The total length of the specimen was 67 mm., the carapace with rostrum 30 mm., the telson 9 mm., the flagellum of the second antennae about 85 mm. Locality. Off South Head, Tugela Eiver, from a depth of 12 fathoms. A 1274. Another specimen was obtained at Cape Henderson, NW. 2^ miles, from a depth of 26 fathoms. A 1203. FAMILY OPLOPHOKIDAE. (See Annals of S. African Museum, vol. 6, part 4, p. 394, 1910.) GEN. ACANTHEPHYEA, A. Milne-Edwards. (See Annals of S. African Museum, vol. 6, part 4, p. 394, 1910.) ACANTHEPHYBA PURPUREUS, A. Milne-Edwards. 1906. AcantJicpliyra purpurca, Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1905, i., p. 4, pi. 1, pi. 2, figs. 1-3. Mr. Stanley Kemp has discussed this species so fully, with the long list of synonyms which he assigns to it, that there seems to be nothing left to say on the subject. Our small South African specimen agrees with Bate's A. sica in the long straight rostrum with 10 dorsal teeth of which the foremost is SoutJi African Crustacea. 97 rudimentary and the three to the rear are behind the 5 ventral teeth which cover the same space as 6 of the dorsal. Each of the pleon segments from the third to the sixth is extended about equally in the medio-dorsal line over the segment behind it ; the sixth is as long as the telson. The latter on its narrow distal half has 4 pairs of spines, and on the narrow apex 3 small and 2 moderately large spines. Bate's much larger specimen of A. sica has 9 or 10 pairs of dorso-lateral spines on the telson, and the scale of the second antennae, according to Kemp as well as Bate, is regularly narrowed to a sharp point armed with an apical spine. In the present specimen the apical spine is distinct enough, but it overtops an apical border which is almost straightly truncate and broad enough to carry 9 little slightly overlapping lobes. Unfortu- nately all the setae are missing from this appendage. The mandibular palp is described and figured by Bate as two- jointed, but it appears to be undoubtedly three-jointed, as figured by S. I. Smith in 1SS2; the first joint and the setose third being each shorter than the second. The specimen had only two of its peraeopods remaining, a first and a fifth, the latter almost devoid of setae, but this bareness might be accidental. Length 46 mm., carapace 15 mm., of which the rostrum accounted for 7 mm. The telson was 6'5 mm. in length, the scale of the second antennae 6 mm. The outer branch of the uropods is considerably longer than the inner, the tooth of its outer margin at some distance from the rounded apex. Local it i/. Cape Point NE. by E. 1 E. 40 miles; 800 to 900 fathoms. A 1273. ACANTHEPHYBA BRACHYTELSOXIS, Bate. 1888. Acantlicpliyra bracliytchonis, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, p. 753, pi. 126, figs. 7, la. 1891. ,, ,, Wood-Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat, Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 7, p. 395. 1892. ,, ,, C? == A. anyusta, Bate, and A. c.r/iiiia, Smith), Wood- Mason and Alcock, Ann. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, vol. 9, p. 362, fig. 4. 98 Annuls of the South African Museum. 1901. Acanthephyra czini/n, var. bracJiytelsonis, Alcock, Catal Indian Deep-sea Macrura, p. 78, (as A. brachytelsonis) Illustr. In- vestigator, Crust., pi. 3, fig. 2. 1906. ,, ,, var. bracJiytelsonis, Kemp, Fisheries Ireland, 1905, pp. 21, 23. 1914. ,, ,, var. brachytelsonis, Balss, Abhandl. K. Bayer Ak. Wiss., vol. 10, Suppl. 2, p. 21 (distribution). A South African specimen, with damaged antennae and the body broken in two between the fourth and fifth segments of the pleon, has the rostrum " armed on the upper surface near the base with six small teeth, from which point it is smooth to the apex, the lower margin has one tooth about one-third its length from the apex, and two near together about one- third from the base of the rostrum," in these respects exactly corresponding with Bate's description and also with his illus- tration, which differs very considerably from that supplied for A. cximius by the trustworthy pencil of Professor S. I. Smith (Eep. Comrn. Fish, for 1885, pi. 14, fig. 1, 1886). No doubt, however, there are many connecting links between the two forms. According to Bate his A. anrjustus, which Kemp identifies with A. cximius, has the pleon carinate from the second to the sixth segment, and Alcock ascribes the same character to A. cximius. In the form here considered the first segment is also carinate. The various descriptions agree in giving the length of the telson as less than that of the exopod of the uropods, but it is not on that account especially short as might be expected from the name brachytelsonis. Its narrow apex is armed with a central tooth flanked by a pair of spines that are longer and stouter, with a slender pair intervening from below ; there are four dorso-lateral spines on the right and three on the left of the distal half of the telson. The scale of the second antennae, though narrowing from the base, is not very narrow at the apex, which is just over- topped by the marginal tooth. The mandibles have a broad incisor process divided into 8 or 9 teeth of different sizes, the most prominent one more or less central. This process is attached to the molar, which in the left mandible, as seen from the upper or inner surface, appears partially to fold over it. The palp of the first maxillae has two small spines projecting from the inner surface near the apex, and on the South Ajrican Crustacea. 99 outer margin of the base there is a row of 7 or 8 spirmlate setae. In the second maxillae the proximal lobe is far less prominent than the following deeply bifid lobe except in respect of the very long setae with which it is fringed ; the top of the vibratory plate is flattened. In the first maxillipeds the apical joint is much shorter than the preceding, and is over- topped by the long and broad exopodal plate. In the second maxillipeds the second and third joints are coalesced though their limits are defined, the exopod reaches much beyond the down-bent sixth joint to which the triangular finger is obliquely attached. In the third maxillipeds the antepenulti- mate joint is notable for the strong flexure of the proximal half and the great widening of the distal. The total length of the specimen was about 84 mm., the carapace measuring 30 mm., of which the rostrum occupied 14 mm. The first and second segments of the pleon were together 12'5 mm. long, equal to the third segment, including its extended postero-dorsal tooth; the three following segments together measured 23 mm., and the telson 12 mm. In adding the lengths of the different parts, allowance must be made for the overlapping, the process of the third pleon segment extending over nearly half of the short fourth segment. Each of the three following segments has a dorsal tooth, the last the longest, but none of them very important. Plates illustrating this and the next species are reserved for future publication. Locality. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles; depth 440 fathoms. A 1210. FAMILY NEMATOCAKCINIDAE. (See these Annals, vol. 15, part 1, p. 43, 1914.) GEN. NEMATOCARCINUS, A. Milne-Edwards. (See these Annals, vol. 15, part 1, p. 43, 1914.) NEMATOCARCINUS PARVIDENTATUS, Bate. 1888. Nematocarcinm parvidcntatus, Bate, Eep. Voy. Challenger, vol. 24, pp. Ixviii, Ixxxvii, 214, 322, pi. 132. The specimen here accepted as representing Bate's Japanese species above named makes as near an approach to his partial 100 Annals of the SoutJi African Museum. figure and brief description as any that I have had an oppor- tunity of examining. Bate could not describe the peraeopods, and on our specimen there were none to describe. The dorsal teeth on the carapace and rostrum number 27, and there is a little ventral tooth near the apex, just below the foremost of the dorsal teeth. Bate says " the frontal margin has a well- developed antennal tooth, but the fronto-lateral tooth appears to be entirely absent." If by " fronto-lateral " he means the tooth at the lower front corner, which I call the antero-lateral, it is well marked in his figure and is found in the South African specimen. The telson is narrow, and has only 4 pairs of dorso-lateral spines, two of the pairs in unsymmetrical arrangement ; the spines of the apex are for the most part missing. The eyes are moderately large, dark red. The stylocerite of the first antennae is broad, ending acutely, not nearly reaching the apex of the first joint. In the second antennae the setose distal border is broad, slightly convex, on a level with the little apical tooth, the flagellum about 75 mm. long. The mandible has a broad incisor process edged with six unequal teeth, the molar stout, the third joint of the palp much the longest and broadest, with a fringe of long setae. The palp of the first maxilla is slightly emarginate at the apex, with a long seta at one corner, 4 short setae at the other, and 3 subapical spines on the surface. In the second maxilla the terminal plate is distally narrowed and tipped with 5 setae. Attention may be called to the strong spine, bent at the end, on the apex of the third maxillipeds. Caiman in 1906 points out that Bate separated his Stochasmns cj.-ilis from Nematocarcinus through mistaking this spine for a sepa- rate joint or "dactylos." Kemp in 1910 reduces A 7 , exilis to the rank of a variety of N. cnsifcr (S. I. Smith). The figures which Kemp gives point to a near alliance, but not, I think, identity, between the forms exilis and parvidentatus. In the second maxillipeds a further point arises for consideration. In his figure Bate represents the second and third joints in complete coalescence, probably by inadvertence, as usually in this genus they are quite distinct, as shown in Smith's figure of N. ensifer. Yet in the specimen here described the sepa- ration is very incomplete, as shown in the figure. The first pleopod of the male, in place of an inner branch, has a wide membranaceous plate, with little hooks low down on the inner margin, as though it were a retinaculum in coalescence with a South African Crustacea. 101 simple branch. The second pleopod has two branches lying so closely one on the other that they are with difficulty drawn apart; in independent attachment to the peduncle is a process, on the inner side of the inner branch, which carries a slender piece about one-third the length of the ramus, having its lanceolate end densely fringed with setae. To this piece on the inner side near its base is attached a rather long retinaculum, distally armed with numerous hooks, its blunt end level with the base of the lanceolate apex just mentioned. There are obvious differences between this arrangement and the corresponding parts figured by Kemp for N. ex His. The peduncle of the uropods on the outer side is apically acute. The inner ramus is lanceolate, much shorter than the broad outer ramus, the setose outer margin of which meets the sinuous faintly marked diaeresis with a very small tooth, within which is a larger spine, and beyond which the margin is continued to form a broadly rounded apex, fringed like the other available edges of both branches with long plumose setae. Total length of specimen about 70 mm., rostrum 5 mm., carapace with rostrum 19 mm., telson 10 mm. LecaUti/. Cape Natal N. by E. 24 miles; depth 440 fathoms. A 1261. ( 103 INDEX. PAGE Acanthephyra adspersus (Leander) aequinoctialis (Scyllarides) aequinoctialis (Scyllarus) affinis (Leander) 58, 72, africanus (Macropetasma) ... af ricanus (Talorehestia) alcocki (Calocavis) Alpheidae Alpheus 58, angustus (Acanthephyra) anisocheir (Synalpheus), pi. Ixxxvii antarcticus (Ibacus) antarcticus (Parribacus) 62, antarcticus (Scyllarus) Anthosoma arctus (Cancer) 61, arctus (Cancer [Astacus]) arctus (Scyllarus) 62, ashiaka (Penaeus) Athanas australis (Scyllarus) Axiidae Balanus bidens (Alpheus) bispinosus (Philocheras ) Blastus brachytelsonis (Acanthephyra) ... Callinectes Calocaris Cancer Cancer (Astacus) capensis (Balanus) Caridea Charybdis Cheraphilus chiragra (Gonodactylus) Clibanarius comatus (Solenocera), pis. Ixxvii. Ixxviii cordimanus (Ocypode) cranchii (Spirontocaris) Crangonidae crassus (Anthosoma) cruciatus (Charybdis) Cyclograpsus Dajus dehaanius (Porcellana) 75 64 63 75 58 58 59 79 80 98 86 63 63 63 58 65 65 65 69 87 62 58 58 83 71 57 97 58 58 64 62 58 71 58 71 58 58 67 58 91 71 58 5s 58 79 58 PAGE Dehaaniiis 57 delagoae (Palaemon), pi. Ixxx 74 dentatus (Dehaanius) 57 Diogenes 58 dissodontonotus (Alpheus), pi. Ixxxvi 83 edwardsii (Alpheus) 58 ensifer (Nematocarcinus) 100 ensirostris (Exhippolysmata) 94 ensirostris (Hippoly smata) 94 Eriphia 53 Eupalaemon 72, 73 Exhippolysmata 94 exilis (Stochasmus) 100 eximius (Acanthephyra) 98 extricatus (Diogenes! 58 fascicularis (Blastus) 57 gaimardii (Hetairus) 92 gilchristi (Leander), pi. Ixxxii 76 gladiator (Charybdis) 58 Gonodactylus 58 gracilirostris (Hippoly te) 91 gracilirostris (Spirontocaris) 91 herdmani (Spirontocaris) 93 Hetairus 92 Hippolysmata 94 Hippolyte 89 Hippolytidae 89 Huenia 57 Hymenosoma 58 Ibaccus 64 Ibacus 63 indicus (Thenus) 65 kraussiana (Hippolyte) 89 kraussianus (Hippolyte) 89 kraussianus (Virbius) 89 laevis (Alpheus) 82 lata (Squilla) 66 Leander 58, 72, 75 Leucisca 58 longimanus (Alpheus) 81 lothinii (Alpheus) 82 lottini (Alpheus) 82 lottinii (Alpheus) 82 104 Annals of the South African PAGE lunaris (Matuta) 58 Lupa 58 macrobrachion (Palaemon) 74 Macropetasma 58 Macroterocheir 72 Matuta 58 megalocheir (Philocheras), pi. Ixxix. 71 monoceros (Metapeneus) 70 monoceros (Penaeopsis) 70 monoceros (Penaeus) 70 mysidis (Dajus) 79 natalensis (Palaemonetes), pi. Ixxxiii. 78 neglectus (Philocheras) 71 Nematocarcinidae 99 Nematocarcinus 99 nitescens (Athanas) 88 notabilis (Alpheus), pis. Ixxxiv., Ixxxv 80 Ocypode 5s Oplophoridae '.KJ orbicularis (Hymenosoma) 58 orientalis (Scyllarus) 63, 60 orientalis (Thenus) 63, 65 Palaemon 73 Palaemonetes 77 Palaemonidae 72 Palaemonopsis 77 papyraccus (Padbaccus) 64 Paribaccus 64 Paribacus 64 Parribacus 61, 64 parvidentatus (Nematocarcinus) ... 99 pax (Spirontocaris), pi. Ixxxviii. ... 91 Penaeidae 66 Penaeopsis 70 Penaeus C9 peringueyi (Leander), pi. Ixxxi 75 Philocheras 71 Pilumnus 57 Porcellana 58 praedator (Alpheus) 83 proteus (Huenia) 57 PAGE prymma (Thalamita) 58 punctatus (Cyclograpsus) 58 purpureus (Acanthephyra) 96 quoianus (? Leander) 72 quoianus (Palaemon) 72 sanguinolentus (Lupa) 58 Scyllaridae 61 Scyllaridea 61 Scyllarides 64 Scyllarus 62 semisulcatus (Penaeus) 69 serratus (Leander) 75 smithii (Eriphia) 58 Solenocera 66 sollaudii (Palaemon) 74 spintilicauda (Penaeopsis) 70 Spirontocaris 91 squalinus (Leucisca) 58 Squilla 63 Stochasmus 100 sundaicus (Palaemon) 73 Synalpheus 85 Talorchestia 58 Thalamita 58 Thalassinidea 58 Thenus 61, 64 tridentatus (Alpheus) 83 tugelae (Exhippolysmata), pi. Ixxxix. 94 Ursa (Cancer) 61 Ursa major 65 ursus (Cancer) 64 ursus major (Cancer [Astacus]) 62 ursus minor (Cancer [Astacus]) ... 62 ursus (Parribacus) 63 varians (Palaemonetes) 78 ventrosus (Alpheus) 82 virescens (Clibanarius) 58 willeyi (Paltemonopsis) 78 xanthoides (Pilumnus) 57 PLATE XIII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXVII.) Solenocera comatus, n. sp. n.s. Specimen in lateral view, natural size; peraeopous 2, 3, 4, almost entirely missing, and distal part of fifth peraeopod imperfect. car. Part of carapace much magnified, a.s. First antenna, with further enlargement of the tips of the two flagella, and still higher magnification of median parts. a.i. Apex of scale of second antenna. m., mxp. 2. Mandible and second maxilliped, less highly magnified than the other parts to economize space. mx. 1, mx. 2, rnxp. 1. First and second maxillae and part of first maxilliped on a uniform scale. prp. 1. The chela of first peraeopod with part of the wrist. T. Dorsal view of the telson. Ann. S.Afr. Mus . Vol. XV. Crustacea Plate LXXVII. Plate XIII. Del.T.RJJ.Stebbing. WestjNewrnan lith. SOLENOCERA COMATUS, n.sp. PLATE XIV. (Crustacea, Plate LXXVIII.) Solcnocera comatus, n. sp. l.i. Lower lip. mxp. 3. Third maxilliped. pip. 1. First pleopod, with higher magnification of the inner ramus. urp. One of the uropods. The remaining figures are from a male specimen, prp. 4, , prp. 5, . Fourth and fifth peraeopods. pip. 1, J . First pleopods, with the petasma flattened, and higher magnification of the free end. pip. 2, . Second pleopod, with higher magnification of the three proximal lobes of the inner ramus (on the right of the plate), the innermost lobe shown in full on the left. Arm . S. Afr. Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXXVIII. Plate XIV. plp.l.rf. i\ Del.T.RR.Stebting. West.Newmar lith. SOLENOCERA COMATUS, n.sp. PLATE XV. (Crustacea, Plate LXXIX.) Philocheras megalocheir, n. sp. n.s. Line indicating natural size of the specimen from which the figures were drawn. car. Carapace in dorsal view, somewhat flattened. T. Telson on a higher scale of enlargement than the carapace, but uniform with the figures in general ; its apex still more enlarged, a.i. First antenna, and second to end of long joint of peduncle. Mandible, with further enlargement of incisor process, uniform with the extra magnification of first peraeopod and telson. mxp. 2., mxp. 3. Second and third maxillipeds. prps. 1, 2, 3, 5. First peraeopod, with further enlargement of the sixth joint's tooth and serrate marginal spinules ; second and third peraeopods ; distal joints of the fifth, urp. One of the uropods. Ann . S. Afp. Miis.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate LXXIX. Plate Del.T.R.R.Ste'b'bmg. West,Newman PHILOCHEHAS MEGALOCHEIR, n.sjo. PLATE XVI. (Crustacea, Plate LXXX.) Palaemon delagoae, n. sp. n.s. Specimen above in lateral view, of the natural size, the antennae imperfect, and eye omitted. car. Rostral end of carapace with parts of first and second antennae, enlarged in conformity with other separate parts. T. Telson in dorsal view, with apex still further enlarged. m., mx. 1, mxp. 1, 2, 3. Mandible, first maxilla, first, second, and third maxillipeds. prp. 1. Last three joints of one of the first peraeopods. pip. 1. First pleopod. Ann . S . Af r. Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXXX. Plate XVI. Del . T.R.R.Ste'bbing . West.Newman lit'a. PAiAEMON DEL.AGOAE, n.sp. PLATE XVII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXI.) Leander peringueyi, n. sp. n.s. Specimen in lateral view, of the natural size, many appendages omitted. car Rostrum and frontal margin in lateral view much enlarged . T. Telson in dorsal view, with further enlargement of the apex. a.s. First antenna, the two elongate flagella only in part. a.i. Apex of the scale of the second antenna. m., m. The mandibles from the inner or upper side, that on the right showing only the basal joint of the palp. mx. 1. First maxilla, with further enlargement of the inner apical lobe, prp. 1, 2, 5. First, second, and fifth peraeopods, incomplete, but all to the same scale. urp. One of the uropods. Ann . S . Af r . Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXi. Plate XVII. n.s. Del.T.R.P.Steb'biiig. West.Hewman LEANDER PERINGUEYI, n.sp. PLATE XVIII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXII.) Leanclcr gilchristi, n. sp. n.s. Specimen in lateral view, of the natural size. car. Eostrum and frontal margin in lateral view, much enlarged. T. Telson in dorsal view, with further enlargement of the apex. a.s, a.i. First antenna, two of the flagella incomplete; second antenna, with peduncle and flagellum incomplete, m., m. Upper or inner view of the left, mandible, and lower or outer view of molar, incisor process, and palp of the right mandible, mxp. 1. First maxilliped. on the same scale as the mandibles. prp. 1, prp. 2. First peraeopod, with chela and distal end of carpus more highly magnified ; last five joints of second peraeopod, with the fingers of the chela more highly magnified, these extra enlargements agreeing with the mouth organs. Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXII. Plate XVIII. n.s. Del. T.R.R-St ebbing. mxp.l. West,Newman Jith. LEANDER GILCHRISTI, PLATE XIX. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXIII.) Palaemonetes natalensi.-, , n. sp. n.s. Line indicating length of the specimen from apex of rostrum to apex of telson. car. Carapace in lateral view, with further enlargement of part of the rostrum. T. Telsou in dorsal view, a.s., a.i. First antenna, and part of the second, showing distal portion of the scale and basal portion of the flagellum. m., mx. 1. Mandible, and first maxilla, with further enlargement of the palp, mx. 2, mxp. 1, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. Second maxilla, and first, second, and third maxillipeds. prp. 2, prp. 4. Second peraeopod, and last four joints of the fourth, urp. Distal part of outer ramus of auropod. All figures are drawn to a uniform scale, except the carapace, which is less enlarged, and the separate palp of the first maxilla, which is more enlarged than the rest. Ann. S.Afr.M-us.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXIII. Plate XIX. Eel.T.RR.Stebbing. West.Newman lith. PALAEMONETES NATALENSIS , PLATE XX. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXIV.) Alpheus notabilis n. sp. n.s. The specimen from the right side, natural size. car. Front of carapace in dorsal view and from the right side, magnified. a.s. One of the first antennae, with higher magnification of a small portion. a.i. Scale of the second antenna. mx. 1, mx. 2. First and second maxillae. mxp. 1, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. First, second, and third maxillipeds. With the exception above-mentioned, all the parts in this and the next plate are drawn to a uniform scale. Ann . S. Afr. Mus .Vol. XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXIV. Plate XX. ALPHEUS NOTABILIS, n.sp. PLATE XXI. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXV.) Alpheus notabilis, n. sp. l.i. Lower lip. m. Mandible. prp. 1. The last three joints of one of the first pair of peraeopods. prp. 3. The last four joints of the third peraeopod. prp. 5. The last five joints oE the fifth peraeopod. urp. One of the uropods. T. The telson. Ann . S . Af r . Mus .Vol. XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXV. Plate XXI. 'Ik ;$ m prp T. urp. DeLT-E.H.Sbebbing. Weat.Newman lith . ALPHEUS NOTABILIS, n.sp. PLATE XXII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXVI.) Alpheus dissodontonotus, n. sp. car., n.s. Carapace of the specimen in lateral view, leaning slightly to the right, of natural size ; with the anterior portion, above, greatly enlarged, and, below, the anterior portion in dorsal view less enlarged. T. The telson in dorsal view, a.i. Scale of the second antenna. m. A mandible from the inner side, with enlargement of the incisor process and the molar. mx. 1, mx. 2. The first and second maxillae, mxp. 2, mxp. 3. The second and third maxillipeds, with terminal part of the third's little epipod greatly enlarged, prp. 1, prp. 1. The first peraeopods, the figure on the right representing the large left cheliped, that on the left the smaller right cheliped. prp. 2, prp. 3. The second peraeopod and last five joints of the third, urp. One of the uropods. The magnification is uniform for all the figures, except the carapace, which is not magnified, and its anterior portion in lateral view, which agrees with the extra enlargement of the mandibles, and part of the epipod of the third maxilliped more enlarged than any other figure. Aim. S.Afr.Mus.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXVI. Plate XXII. Del.T.B.E.Stebbing. T. Weet.Newmar ALPHEUS DISSODONTONOTUS, n.sp. PLATE XXIII. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXVII.) Synalpheus anisocheir, n. sp. n s. Line indicating natural size of the specimen. car. Front of carapace. T. Telson in dorsal view. a.s., a.i. First antenna, with one of the flagella not quite complete ; second antenna without the flagellum. m., m. One of the mandibles on the left of the plate, on the right its incisor process more highly magnified. mx. 1. First maxilla, with higher magnification of the palp, mxp. 3. Two terminal joints of the third maxilliped. prp. 1, prp. 1, prp. 1, n.s., prp. 1, n.s. The fingers of the larger cheliped, and last four joints of the smaller cheliped, and the last four joints of each represented of the natural size. prps. 2, 4, 5. Second, fourth, and fifth peraeopods without the basal joints, urp. One of the uropod*. Aim . S . Afr. Mus . Vol . XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXVII. Plate XXIII. prp prp.l. -Del.T.R.R.Stebting. West, Newman lith. SYNALPHEUS AN I S OCHEIR PLATE XXIV. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXVIII.) Spirontocaris pax, n. sp. n.s. Line indicating total length of the specimen. car. Partial outline of the carapace, showing the teeth. T. Telson in dorsal aspect, with further enlargement of the distal part. a.s. First antenna. m., m. The molar of one mandible, the cutting plate, molar, and palp of the other. mx. 1, mxp. 1, mxp. 2. First maxilla, first and second maxillipeds; these and the mandibles are on a uniform scale with the further enlargement of the telson and foot of the third peraeopod, the other parts being on a uniform scale of lower magnification. mxp. 2, prp. 1, prp. 2, prp. 3. The third maxilliped and first three peraeopods. Ann.S.Afr.Mus.Vol.XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXVIII. Plate XXIV. - V f T.3. Mr mxp . 2 . Del.T.R.R.Ste"bbmg. T. Tnxp . 1. West,Ke-wms.n litk SPIRONTOCARIS PAX, n.sp. PLATE XXV. (Crustacea, Plate LXXXIX.) Exhippolysmata tur/elae, n. g. et sp. n.s. Lateral view of specimen, natural size. car. Lateral view of rostral and frontal area of carapace, enlarged. T. Dorsal view of telson enlarged to the same scale. a.s. Distal part of peduncle and proximal parts of the flagella of the first antenna. a.i. Distal part of scale of second antenna. m., mx. 1, mx. 2, mxp. Mandible, part of first maxilla, second maxilla, first maxilliped. These parts are on a higher scale of magnification than the parts already mentioned, and the distal parts of the mandibles are still more highly magnified, the lower figure referring to the mandible figured in its entirety, the other two figures showing the corresponding edges of its companion as seen from opposite sides. The mandibles are illustrated from a separate specimen. prp. 1, prp. 2, prp. 5. The first, second, and fifth peraeopods, uniform in scale with the telson, but the fourth joint of the secpnd, and the finger of the fifth with adjacent part of its sixth joint, further magnified. Ann. S. Afr. Mus .Vol. XV. Crustacea Plate LXXXlX. Plate XXV. mx.2. mx.l Del.T.R.R.Stebbing. West.Newman. lith. EXHIPPOLYSMATA TUGELAE , ng.etsp. (105) 3. Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. By K. H. BARNARD, M.A., Assistant. (Plates XXVI.-XXVIII.) 5. THE AMPHIPODA. THE collections made by the Cape Government trawler s.s. " Pieter Faure " and by members of the Museum staff have formed the bulk of the material for the following report, which supplements Mr. Steb- biug's reports in the " Marine Investigations." Many of the " Pieter Faure " specimens were found by searching through bottles of hitherto unsorted material sponges, ascidians, hydroids and the like. The result is a large increase in the fauna-list of South African Amphipoda. The range of many known species is shown to extend to South African waters, and many species are considered to be new to science. In the former category the most interesting are certain species which were known only from the North Atlantic, e.g. Byblis gaimardii, Nicippe tumida and Epimeria cornigera. The South African specimens are not, or only in minute details, distinguishable from the northern specimens. It may, however, be stated that the first two species above mentioned have recently been found off Cali- fornia by the U.S. exploring vessel " Albatross." The Indian Ocean, Australasian and Subantarctic faunal elements are also represented by a number of well-known forms. The Amphipodau fauna of Table Mountain has been investigated for. the first time, and has yielded four interesting G-ammarids. In this respect the mountain streams in other districts of South Africa are still quite unknown. Unfortunately the discussion of several species has had to be post- poned owing to lack of material from other regions for direct com- parison (e.g. in the genera Orclwmenopsis, Paramoera and Hyale). Representatives of the families Calliopiidae and Pleustidae have also been recognised among the " Pieter Faure" collection, but were too badly preserved or mutilated for generic and specific determination. Certain species Leucothoe tniersi, Stenothoe crenulata, Paramoera 8 106 Annals of the South African Museum. austrina, Elasmopus serrula, Hyale novae-zealandiae have been rele- gated to synonymy for reasons which, I trust, will be considered sound. Except where otherwise stated, the specimens were collected in the littoral zone at low-water mark. The types of all new species are in the South African Museum. My thanks are again due to Mr. J. H. Orton of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Mr. F. W. Edwards of the British Museum, and Mr. H. Watson of Cambridge for ti-aciugs of figures otherwise inac- cessible to me; and also to Dr. Chiltou of Christchurch, N.Z., and Prof. Haswell of Sydney. Corrigenda. I may take this opportunity of coiTecting two un- fortunate mistakes in my last paper on South African Isopods (Ann. S.A. Mus. vol. 10, pt. 11, 1914: Aega uroioma, u. sp. most probably= A. semicarinata Miers, 1875, and DynameneUa kraussi n. sp.= D. huttoni (Thomson), 1879. The latter I have confirmed by a com- parison with New Zealand specimens, which I owe to Dr. Chiltou's kindness. On Plate XXXVII. C. of the same paper one of the figures of Jais pubescens has been inadvertantly printed upside down and labelled " mxp " instead of " pip 3." TRIBE GAMMARIDEA. FAMILY LYSIANASSIDAE. 1906. Lysianassidae Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, pp. 8, 717. (Refer- ences.) 1908. Chevreux, Bull. Mus. Ocean, Monaco, No. 117, p. 1. 1908. Holmes, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. vol. 35, 1909. p. 492. 1910. Stebbing, Sci. Ees. "Thetis," p. 568. 1910. Chevreux, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fi. vol. 23, 1910, p. 135. 1911. id. C.R. Ac. Sci. cliii. p. 1167. GEN. TRISCHIZOSTOMA Boeck. 1853. G^lerinia (preocc.) Hope, MS. Costa. Fauna Reg. Napoli., April, 1853, p. 1. 1861. TriscUzostoma Boeck, Forh. Skand. Naturf. Mode 8, p. 637. 1906. Stebbing, Das Tierreich, 21, p. 12. (Refer- ences.) Crustacean Fauna of Soiitli Africa. 107 1908. Trischizostoma id. S.A. Crust, pt. 4, p. 59. 1908. Sexton, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1908, pt. 2, p. 370. TRISCHIZOSTOMA. PAUCISPINOSUM: u. sp. (Plate XXVI. Fig. 1.) Head plus rostrum a little longer than 1st peraeon segment, rostrum triangular, broader than long, apex subacute, curved downwards. Eyes large, occupying the greater part of the lateral portions of the head, reniforni, not extending above and not nearly meeting on top of head. Second peraeon segment a trifle shorter than the first and the following segments. Side-plate 1 small, triangular, almost completely hidden by 2, which is a little deeper than long, 3 also a little deeper than long, larger than 2, 4 a little larger still, almost circular, the anterior, inferior and hind margins forming a nearly even curve, posterior margin excised for 5, which is longer than deep (longest of all the side-plates) and bilobed, 6 a little shorter than 5, 7 large, triangular, deeper than long. Pleon segment 4 hollowed at base, pleuron of 1st narrowed below and ending in a small acute point at the postero-lateral angle, of 2nd large, inferior margin straight or slightly emarginate, postero-lateral angle acute, inferior margin of 3rd convex, postero-lateral angle acute, the posterior margin sinuous above the angle. Telson a little longer than broad, slightly tapering, cleft to centre, the apices obtuse. First antenna reaching to about 6th peraeon segment, 2nd and 3rd joints together equal to half length of 1st, flagellum 20-jointed, 1st joint nearly half as long again as whole of peduncle, its anterior margin densely setose, accessory flagellum 3- jointed, 1st joint f length of 1st flagellar joint, lanceolate, with a few widely spaced setae on both margins, 2nd and 3rd joints very slender, 3rd ^ length of 2nd. Second antenna reaching to about end of 3rd pleon segment, 5th joint twice length of 4th, flagellum at least twice length of peduncle, ca. 40-jointed. Mandible, trunk distally from palp of more or less even width throughout, cutting edge straight, the angles rounded, palp long, 2nd and 3rd joints subequal, 2nd not or scarcely broader than 3rd, inner margins of both setose. 108 Annals of the South African Museum. First maxilla, inner plate apically acute, outer plate with 5 spines, palp minute, obscurely 2-joiuted. Maxilliped, inner plate very narrow, apex obtuse, outer plate ovate, palp slender, 2nd joint longest, 3rd and 4th subequal, but 4th more slender than 3rd, 4th joint with 1-2 very fine apical setules. The other mouth parts could not be dissected out satisfactorily on account of the state of preservation. First gnathopod, 2nd joint as long as rest of limb, 6th transversely oval, in shape moi-e like that of T. nicaeense than T. raschi, reversed in one specimen, not in the other, anterior (in untwisted position) margin a little shorter than palm, which is 1 Mimes inferior margin, palm very slightly convex, with 5 small spines on margin and 4 larger ones within the margin, 3 unequal spines at junction of palm with hind margin, finger strongly curved, just exceeding palm in length. Second gnathopod slender, 2nd joint equal to 4th, 5th and 6th joints together, 3rd and 5th subequal, 4th and 6th subequal, 5th cylindrical, not swollen, with dense spreading tufts of setae, 6th oblong, not expanded, longer than broad, also with tufts of setae, finger small. First and second peraeopods, 2nd joint equal to 3rd and 4th together, 4th with 3 spinules on anterior margin and 1 at apex, 5th and 6th joints subequal, but 6th only half width of 5th, 5th with 5 spiuules on anterior margin and 1 at apex, 6th likewise, finger I length of 6th. Third to fifth peraeopods becoming progressively longer, 2nd joint expanded posteriorly, on 3rd peraeopod only a very little longer than broad, on 4th a little longer than broad, on 5th 1J times as long as broad, but abruptly narrowed near base, hind margin nearly straight with a few indents, 4th joint of 3rd peraeopod with 2 spinules on anterior margin and 1 on apex, of 4th peraeopod with 4 and 1 respec- tively, of 5th peraeopod with 5 and 1, 5th joint of 3rd peraeopod with 4 and 1, of 4th peraeopod with 6 and 1, of 5th peraeopod with 9 and 1 respectively, the anterior apex of 5th joint on each peraeopod pro- duced into a sharp triangular process, anterior margin of 6th joint of 3rd peraeopod with 5 spinules, of 4th peraeopod with 5, and of 5th peraeopod with 7, inner margin of finger finely serrulate. First uropod, outer ramus shorter than inner, outer margin with 5-7 deep indents, each with a spinule at its base, outer margin of inner ramus with 1 or 2 such indents near apex, inner margin with 3 spinules near base, whole of inner and outer margins of inner ramus and inner margin of outer ramus in addition finely serrulate. Second uropod shorter and more slender than 1st, rarui subequal, Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 109 outer with 6 deep indents on outer margin, inner ramus with 2 such indents on outer margin (1 near middle, the other nearer apex) and 1 in middle of inner margin, both margins of inner ramus and inner margin of outer ramus finely serrulate. Third uropod, rami subequal, equal to those of 2nd in length, but broader, ovate, more rapidly narrowed distally, 2nd joint on outer rarnus indistinguishable, both margins of inner ramus and inner margin of outer ramus finely serrulate. Length : 16 mm. Colour : In spirit, pale pinkish, eyes red. Locality : Lion's Head N. 67 3 E. distant 25 miles (off Cape Penin- sula). 131 fathoms. 2 <$. s.s. " Pieter Faure." 28/3/00. (S.A.M. No. A130.) The specific name in allusion to the small number of spines on the palm of the 1st gnathopod, compared with the other three species of the genus. This species resembles T. nicaeense Costa in the general shape of the hand of 1st gnathopod, the trunk of the mandible and the rostrum ; it- resembles T. raschi Esm and Boeck in the inner plate of the maxilli- ped. It is, however, far more closely allied to the other South African species T. remipes Stebbing ; the characters in which it agrees being : rostrum, trunk of mandible and palp, palp of maxilliped, first and second antennae, second gnathopod, 2nd joint of 3rd 5th peraeo- pods, telson and xiropods. It is distinguished from the latter in having none of the joints of the peraeopods expanded except the 2nd on 3rd-5th peraeopods, in the details of the uropods, as well as in the three characters which separate it from the two northern species, namely : eyes, palm of 1st gnathopod and side-plates. GEN. STOMACONTION Stebbing. 1888. Acuntiostoma (part) Stebbing, Challeug. Eep. vol. 29, p. 709. 1899. Stomacontion id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Sci. 7 vol. 4, p. 205. Chilton (1912, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt, 2, p. 463) doubts whether this genus should be separated from Acontiostoma. The present species in having, apparently, no palp to the 1st maxilla and a quite rudimentary 4th palpal joint to the maxilliped affords further evidence that the two genera should be reunited. STOMACONTION CAPENSE n. sp. (Plate XXVIII. Figs. 27, 28.) Very like S. pepinlt (Stebb.), but differing from it, and from 110 Annals of the South African Museum. Acontiostoma marionis Stebb. (including A. magellanicum Stebb.), in the shape of the 1st side-plate. This is triangular, not oblong, and narrows below to a somewhat blunt point. The whole surface is finely pubescent, and the inferior and posterior margins of the side-plates are more setulose than in 8. pepinii. Peduncular joints of 1st antennae progressively shorter, flagellum inserted obliquely, 4-jointed. Second antenna as figured for 8. pepinii. First maxilla apparently without palp ; 4th palpal joint of maxilliped quite rudimentary. Finger of 2nd gnathopod inserted in the middle of the distal margin of 6th joint, i.e. the apices of this joint are produced equally above and below the finger. Postero-inferior apex of 2nd joint of 5th peraeopod rectangular, with a small indent just above the apex on the posterior margin. Posterior margins of 2nd joints of 3rd-5th peraeopods strongly setulose. In other respects agreeing with 8. pepinii. The specimen is not full-grown, as shown by the new integument forming within the old. Length : 2'5 mm. in contracted position. Colour . In spirit, pale pinkish, eyes reddish. Locality : False Bay. 24 fathoms. 1 immature specimen. s.s. " Pieter Faure." 11/11/02. (S.A.M. No. A3815.) GEN. EUONYX Norman. 1867. Euonyx Norman, Eep. Brit. Ass. vol. 36, pp. 197, 202. 1888. Stebbing, Challeng. Eep. vol. 29, p. 668. 1891. G. 0. Sars, Crust Norw. vol. 1, p. 116. 1906. Stebbing, Das Tierreich 21, p. 19. 1908. Chevreux, Bull. 1'Inst, Ocean. Monaco, no. 117, p. 1. EUONYX BISCAYENSIS Chevreux. 1908. Euonyx biscayensis Chevreux, I.e. p. 1, fig. 1. Eyes invisible in the spirit specimen. Fourth pleon segment with a basal depression, the posterior portion slightly swollen, rounded. First antenna equal to first two peraeon segments together, 1st joint with anterior margin slightly emarginate, but not apically produced, flagellum 12- jointed, 1st joint equal to peduncle, accessory flagellum 5-jointed, 1st joint equal to the remaining 4 joints. Second antenna equal to first 3 peraeon segments together, 1st joint dilated below, gland-cone subacute and extending almost to end of Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. Ill 3rd joint, 4tli and 5th joints subequal, flagellum longer than peduncle, 16- jointed. Mandibles resembling those of E. normani Stebbing (1888, I.e., pi. 19), accessory cutting-edge in left strap-shaped, apex blunt, spine- row with 2 spinules and several plumose setules. First maxilla, inner plate with 3 apical plumose, and some simple setae, outer plate with 8 spines (the terminal one apically bideiitate, the next apically 4-dentate, the rest laterally denticulate) and several setae, palp not narrowing distally, apex rounded, with 5 spines. Maxilliped, inner plate with 3 apical stout spines and several ordinary spines and setae, outer plate almost reaching apex of 2nd joint of palp, outer distal margin with ca. 12 spines which become subclavate near the inner angle, inner margin crenulate. First gnathopod, middle of inner margin of apical projection of 6th joint setose. Second gnathopod, 6th joint a little more than half the length of anterior margin of the 5th, widening distally, palm slightly convex near base, straight distally, joining the inferior margin at a right aug^le, which is without a spiuule, 7th joint shorter than palm. First and second peraepods, 5th joint shorter and narrower than 4th, with 3 pairs of spines on posterior margin and an apical group, 6th subequal to 4th, posterior margin with 6 groups of 3 spines each, and a large blunt spine on apex, 7th joint not quite 6th, curved, bluntly denticulate at base. Third pei-aeopod, 2nd joint expanded, broader than long, posterior margin feebly indented, 4th joint strongly expanded on posterior margin, anterior margin with 5 groups of 3 spines each and a group on apex, 5th shorter than 4th and equal to half its distal width, anterior margin with 2 groups of spines, outer and inner apices each with a group of spines, 6th subequal to anterior margin of 4th, anterior margin with 5 groups of spines and a large pointed spine at apex. Fourth peraeopod similar, but 2nd joint longer than broad, posterior margin nearly straight, faintly indented, greatest width of 4th joint near base and not near apex, inner margin of 6th with only 4 groups of setae. Fifth peraeopod, length of 2nd joint proportionately to width greater than in 4th peraeopod, posterior margin convex, the indents rather stronger and more numerous than in 3rd or 4th. First and second uropods, inner ram us a little longer than outer, inner margins of both spinose. Third uropod, outer ramus longer than inner, with small 2nd joint, 112 Annals of the South African Museum. outer and inner margins of both rami spinulose, inner margin of inner ramus with some plumose setae in addition. Side-plates and postero-lateral angles of pleoii segments 1-3 as in E. chelatus Norman (see Sars, I.e. pi. 40, fig. 1). Telson as in Chevreux's figure but with 2 spinules on each apex. Lemjtli : 17 mm. Colour : In spirit, yellowish white. Locality : Cape Point NE. by E. -} E., distant 38 miles. 755 fathoms, 1 ? t?. s.s. " Pieter Faure." 23/6/03. (S.A.M. No. A129.) Geogr. Distribution: Gulf of Gascony, 1453 metres (Chevreux). The main differences between this and the northern form are : the larger size, the number of flagellar joints in 1st and 2nd antennae, the relative lengths of 4th and 5th joints of peduncle of 2nd antennae, the shape of the palp of 1st maxilla and the palm of 2nd guathopod. As regards the last two features, Chevreux's figures are not as clear as could be desired for purposes of an exact comparison. The other features cannot be deemed of specific value. PAKAVALETTIA n. g. Body not compressed. Side-plates not large, 4th only slightly emarginate behind. Mandible short and broad, cutting-edge obscurely dentate, palp central. Inner plate of maxilliped with 4 apical teeth, outer plate with 2 spine-teeth on inner apex, palp 4-jointed. First gnathopod fairly stout, strongly chelate. Second gnathopod elongate, slender, chelate. Third to fifth peraeopods with 2nd joint moderately expanded. Uropod 3 with 2-jointed outer ramus only. Telson ovate, entire. This genus is near to Valettla Stebbing in having a dentate cutting- edge to the mandible, but is distinguished by the chelate 1st and 2nd gnathopods, uniramous 3rd uropod and entire telsou. These last two features it possesses in common with Onesimoides Stebbing, from which, however, the chelate 1st gnathopod separates it. Valettiop*i>* Holmes, 1908, appears to differ very little from ralrttl.t. PAKA.VALETTIA CHELATA n. sp. (Plate XXVI. Figs. 2-3.) Body rounded dorsally. Antero-lateral angles of head obtuse. Eyes not discernible. Side-plate 1 oblong, not narrowed below, smaller than 2, 2-4 subequal, subquadrate, inferior margin rounded, 5 twice Crustacean Fauna of South Africa. 113 as long as deep, bilobed, lobes subequal, 6 smaller than. 5, slightly bilobed. Postero-inferior angles of 3rd pleon segment quadrate, entire. Telsoii longer than broad, ovate-lanceolate, apically acute, entire, without setae. First antenna, 1st joint fairly broad, 2nd subequal to 1st, 3rd ^ length of 2nd, flagellum. equal to 2nd and 3rd together, slender, 4- jointed, 1st joint longest, accessory flagellum slender, a trine longer than 1st flagellar joint, 2-jointed, 2nd joint minute. Second antenna subequal to 1st, ultimate joint f length of penulti- mate, flagellum scarcely equal to ultimate joint, slender, 3-joiuted. Mandibles stout, cutting-edge obscurely 4-deiitate, secondary cutting-edge obscure, molar weak, 1st joint of palp half 2nd, 3rd a trifle longer than 1st, tipped with 3 setae. First maxilla, inner plate not observed, outer plate obliquely trun- cate, with (?) 5 spines, palp 2-jointed, 1st joint minute, 2nd extending beyond outer plate and tipped with 3 spinules. Second maxilla, plates about equal in length, inner broader, with 3 apical setae, outer with 4 apical setae. Maxilliped, inner plate with 4 blunt teeth on apex, outer plate reaching to a little beyond end of 1st joint of palp, inner apex not produced, but bearing 2 ovate spine-teeth, inner margin with 1-2 setules, palp 4- jointed, 1st not as large as 2nd, 4th as long as 3rd, u nguif orm , curved . First gnathopod, 2nd joint straight, slightly wider distally, 3rd and 4th subequal, 3rd with 2 apical setae, 4th with 5, 5th triangular, inferior lobe with 6 setae, increasing in length, 6th longer and broader than 5th, iufei-ior apex produced as a triangular thumb nearly equal in length to front margin of 6th, both its margins straight, apex obscurely bifid, inferior margin with a notch at base of thumb bearing 4-5 curving setae, finger matching and fitting closely to thumb, strong, straight, curved only at apex. Second giiathopod slender, almost unarmed, 2nd joint longest, somewhat fusiform, 3rd and 5th subequal, 4th shorter, 6th equal to 4th and 5th together, apex produced as a straight thumb, nearly half length of front margin, apex upturned, finger straight, as long as and fitting closely to thumb, apically curved. First and second peraeopods, 4th joint produced halfway along 5th, inner margin of 5th with 3 setae, of 6th with 4 setules, finger with uuguis scarcely half length of 6th. Third peraeopod, 2nd joint not greatly expanded, half as long again as broad, oblong, hind margin straight, slightly serrate, postero- 114 A-H nalti of the South African Museum. inferior angle rounded, reaching almost to end of 3rd, 4th produced along 5th. Fourth peraeopod, 2nd joint similar to that of 3rd peraeopod, serra- tion on hind margin a little stronger, 4th produced i along 5th. Fifth peraeopod, 2nd joint more strongly expanded, broader distally than proximally, hind-margin convex, serrate, postero-inferior angle rounded, reaching to end of 3rd, 4th produced to end of 5th. First uropod, rami subequal, longer than peduncle, smooth, tapering, slightly curved. Second uropod, rami subequal to one another and to peduncle, smooth, tapering, slightly curved. Third uropod, ramus longer than peduncle, lanceolate, 2nd joint distinct, short but stout, upturned, upper margins with a row of closely set setules, a minute tubercle on inner apex of peduncle perhaps represents the inner ramus. Length : 3 mm. Colour: In spirit, whitish. Locality: Sea Point near Cape Town. 26/2/14. (K.H.B.) 1 ovigerous ? and 1 juv. (S.A.M. No. A2937.) GEN. AMAEYLLTS Haswell. 1880. Amaryllis Haswell, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol. 4, p. 253. 1888. Stebbiug, Challeug. Rep. vol. 29, p. 698. 1893. Delia Valle, F. FL Neapel. vol. 20, p. 781. 1904. Vijaya Walker in Herdman's Ceylon Pearl Fish. Rep. 2, pp. 231-241. 1906. Amaryllis Stebbing, Das Tierreich 21, pp. 23, 717. 1910. id. Sci. Res. " Thetis," pt. 12, pp. 569, 570. 1911. Chevreux, Bull. 1'Inst. Ocean. Monaco. No. 204, p. 1. AMARYLLIS MACROPHTHALMA Haswell. 1880. Amaryllis macrophthalmus Haswell, I.e. p. 253, pi. 8, fig. 3. 1908. Stebbing, S.A. Crust, pt, 4, p, 67. 1909. ,, macroplitlialma Walker, Tr. Linn. Soc, Lond. 2nd ser., vol. 12, pt. 4, p. 327. 1909. Chilton, Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinb. vol. 48, pt. 2, p. 463. 1910. Stebbing, I.e. p. 569. 1910. ,, macroplitJialmus id. Gen. Cat. S.A. Crust, p. 448. Crustacean Fauna of So^(,th Africa. 115 Stebbing has already described specimens of this species from Algoa Bav arid remarked upon some of the features in which the South African specimens differ from previous descriptions. These same specimens 1 have re-examined, aud on the whole am able to con- firm Stebbing's remarks. I make, however, certain further observa- tions 011 the sexual differences in the uropods, and as regards the peraeopods I find certain small discrepancies. The peduncle and outer ramus of the 1st and 2nd uropods are covered with fairly numerous spines along the upper margins, inner ramus of 1 st uropod with rather fewer spines, inner ramus of 2nd uropod constricted at its distal third, with 1 spine at the constriction and 3 spines nearer base. Third uropod in <- as described by Steb- bing ; in the ? , however, with only 3 setae on distal part of inner margin of outer ramus and 3 small spinules on distal part of outer margin of inner ramus. The fringe of setae on 5th and 6th joints (Stebbing, I.e. p. 68, writes "4th and 5th " by a laps, cal.} of 1st gnathopod does not seeni to be present normally ; the 5th joint has 5-6 pairs of setae on hind margin and 2-3 on apex, 6th joint has a row of fine, short and closely-set setules along Avhole hind margin and in addition 6 isolated tufts of setae. The corresponding joints of 2nd gnathopod on the other hand do have a dense fringe of setae. There are no sexual differences in either of the gnathopods. Specimens from Simon's Bay in False Bay agree with the Algoa Bay specimens. Stebbing has also mentioned a small specimen, presumably from Algoa Bay like the others, with pale eyes, 1st joint of 1st antenna with 2 acute spines, telsonic apices with a small tooth, and other variations. Adult specimens from False Bay have the following characters : Pale eyes, acute teeth on 1st peduncular joint of 1st antenna, flagellum 30-jointed, accessory flagellum 7-joiuted, 2nd antenna with flagellum 30-jointed in ? , in g reaching to end of body, 2nd joint of mandibular palp with 1 apical seta, 1st and 2nd guathopods and uropods as above described for the dark-eyed form, with the same sexual differ- ences in the uropods, telson as described by Stebbiug. Length: 10 mm.; largest ovigerous $ 13 mm. (light-eyed form). Localities: Dark-eyed form : Algoa Bay, 4-16 fathoms (Stebbing) ; Saklanha Bay, 25 fathoms (Chiltou, presumably dark-eyed, but this point not mentioned) ; Table Bay, shore. \, 1 ? . 26/3/96 (Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist), and